Elevated serum acylated (biologically active) ghrelin and resistin levels associate with pregnancy-induced weight gain, insulin resistance and antropometric data in the fetus

Abstract

e111 and the presence of polyhydramnios, gestational age at diagnosis, lung-to-head ratio (LHR) and observed/expected LHR (O/E LHR) values, gestational age at birth and birth weight. Intrathoracic liver herniation was a statistically significant parameter adversely affecting survival (37.2% in survivors, 68.8% in non-survivors, p = 0.031) and logistic regression confirmed this relationship. The presence of pneumothorax and severe pulmonary hypertension were significantly associated with mortality (82% non-survivors versus 15% in survivors, p = 0.0001).Conclusion: Intrathoracic liver herniation seems to be a reliable parameter in the prediction of survival and neonatal respiratory morbidity in fetuses with isolated left-sided CDH. In contrast, we found no significant correlation between perinatal outcome and LHR, O/E LHR values, birth weight and gestational age. This study was supported by the OPPK CZ.2.16/3.1.00/25015 project (Operational Program Prague, an EU funding mechanism). (D. Supák).Based on our previous studies and observations concerning the effects of acylated ghrelin and resistin on weight gain and insulin resistance, our current aim is to examine the association of these proteins with pregnancy-induced obesity and insulin resistance in a cross-sectional study carried out in patients with GDM, healthy pregnant women and non-pregnant controls of the same age. The diagnosis of GDM was done as specified by the WHO classification protocol using the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The patients enrolled in our study according to the degree of dysfunction in their carbohydrate metabolism. Serum ghrelin and adiponectin levels were established using RIA kits, while serum resistin, soluble (s) TNF-receptor-1 and leptin levels were measured and published using the ELISA technique. The fasting serum levels of biologically active (acylated) ghrelin showed to be significantly lower in patients with GDM in comparison to those of non-pregnant healthy controls and healthy pregnant women in the 1st trimester. GDM values were significantly lower than those of healthy expectants in the 3rd trimester, as compared to the non-pregnant control group, the GDM patients, and the healthy pregnant women in the 1st and 3rd trimesters. Acylated ghrelin levels showed a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with body mass index (BMI), resistin, TNF-␣, sTNFR-2, leptin, C-peptide concentrations, C-peptide/blood glucose ratio and daily insulin dose required to maintain euglycemia, and in the GDM group, showed a positive correlation with adiponectin levels. Fasting serum resistin concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with GDM and in healthy pregnant women in the 3rd trimester in comparison to the non-pregnant control group. In the GDM group, serum resistin correlated positively with serum TNF-␣, sTNFR-1 and -2 and Cpeptide concentrations, C-peptide/blood glucose ratio and daily insulin dose. While analyzing antropometric data in the fetus, we found a negative correlation between fasting serum levels of biologically ac...

Molecular aspects of diabetes mellitus: Resistin, microRNA, and exosome

“…It has been suggested that disrupting the insulin signaling in insulin target tissues is the basis of insulin resistance induced by resistin. 67,[93][94][95][96] Resistin induces proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells, activation of endothelial cells by promoting endothelin-1 release, increases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), stimulates the capillary tube formation and activates ERK1/2 and p38 pathways. 97 Thus, it seems that resistin plays a key role in angiogenesis related vascular disorders.…”

Acyl-ghrelin mediated lipid retention and inflammation within in vitro and ex vivo adipose depots

“…Further evidence of acyl-ghrelins' diminished action within T2D is the negative correlation between plasma fasting glucose, GHRL mRNA expression and acyl-ghrelin levels, indicating that ghrelin levels within T2D are under glucose regulation. As previously discussed in Chapter 4, the ratio of acyl-ghrelin, total ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin within the metabolic state is controversial across published study cohorts (Rodríguez et al, 2012, Dardzińska et al, 2014, Supák et al, 2016. This ex vivo investigation of the ghrelin axis suggest that acyl-ghrelin concentrations may be dependent on GHRL expression only, and not its posttranslational modification, accounting for a lower plasma acyl-ghrelin level seen in this cohort, and reduced desacyl-ghrelin level often reported within the metabolic state (Rodríguez et al, 2012).…”

“…However, this was initially deemed to be due do a decline in desacyl-ghrelin, with acyl-ghrelin being increased within obese individuals with T2D (Rodríguez et al, 2012). However, it is evident across the literature that acyl-ghrelin levels are disputed, with other reports indicating a significant decline in acyl-ghrelin levels within obese individuals with T2D (Dardzińska et al, 2014) and those with gestational diabetes (Supák et al, 2016). Within this study, there is also paradoxical evidence with data suggesting no change in acyl-ghrelin concentrations in an obese state when compared to non-obese, yet a marked decline in acyl-ghrelin levels within obese individuals with T2D.…”