Inffiximab is an anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha chimeric monoclonal antibody which is effective in diseases associated with aT-helper (Th) 1 response, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. There are sporadic case reports of atopic dermatitis (AD) induced or precipitated by anti-TNF-alpha therapy, which have been attributed to the switch towards Th2-mediated reactions. We report the case of a 30-year-old man with long-standing severe AD associated with contact allergy and poorly responding to conventional treatments. The use ofinffiximab resulted in a dramatic amelioration of AD lesions and pruritus, persisting at follow-up examinations over a 3-year period. Probably, the unexpected response to infliximab therapy in this case might be due to some peculiar features of AD in our patient (i,e. chronic-continuous course and concomitant contact allergy) which could have been responsible for a more preponderant recruitment ofThl cells as compared to "common" forms of AD.Infliximab is an anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha chimeric monoclonal antibody which is effective in diseases associated with aT-helper (Th) I response, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis (1-5). There are sporadic case reports of immune-mediated cutaneous eruptions induced or precipitated by anti-TNF-alpha therapy, including atopic dermatitis (AD) (6-8). Unaware of the possible risk of aggravating AD with anti-TNF-alpha therapy, in January 2003, we used infliximab in a case ofsevere recalcitrant AD associated with contact allergy.
MATERIALS AND METHODSA 30-year-old man presentedwitha 22-yearhistoryofAD, which had notably worsened in the last 4 years, being characterized by a continuouscourse,long-lasting widespread lesions and incoercible pruritus, refractory to topical steroids and H I-receptorantagonists. The patientalso experiencedtwo episodes of erythrodermia associated with generalized lymphadenopathy. The deterioration of AD included pronounced impact on quality of life and mood disorders so that after two years the patient received treatment with paroxetine and benzodiazepines. He also presented a concomitant contact sensitisation to nickel sulphate and potassium bichromate but prevention did not cause any substantial benefit on skin manifestations and symptoms. On two separate occasions over the last three years, histopathological analysisof skin samplestaken from lesional skin showed the typical findings of an eczematousdermatitis.Systemic corticosteroids and cyclosporin gave only partial temporary relief of AD and had to be discontinued after a few months because of side effects, whereas leukotriene antagonists and high-dose immunoglobulinsdid not show any effects. Treatment with 0.1% tacrolimus