Elevated TAF12 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Glioma Patients: Evidence from Bioinformatic and Immunohistochemical Analyses

Abstract

TATA box-binding protein-associated factor 12 (TAF12) has been identified as an oncogene in choroid plexus carcinoma, but its role in glioma is poorly understood because of a lack of previous studies. This study investigated the relationship of TAF12 expression with the clinicopathologic features of glioma cases, as well as its prognostic value and biological function, using large-scale databases and clinical samples. TAF12 mRNA expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of glioma cases were assessed in three public databases, and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore the prognostic value and biological functions of TAF12 in glioma. High TAF12 expression was commonly associated with reduced survival time and poor clinical indexes, including higher World Health Organization grade, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 expression, and 1p19q non-codeletion status (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high TAF12 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for glioma patients (hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.68, p < 0.001). Functional enrichment analysis revealed involvement of TAF12 in immune and inflammatory responses in glioma. Also, expression of several immune checkpoint molecules was significantly higher in samples with high TAF12 expression. TAF12 is a potential independent prognostic factor for glioma, and these findings provide a foundation for further investigation of the potential role of TAF12 in immunotherapy.

CDC42—A promising immune-related target in glioma

“…Using the R packages “GSVA” (Hanzelmann et al, 2013 ) (version 1.44.5), “limma,” and “GSEABase” (version 1.58.0), ssGSEA was utilized to evaluate the RNA-seq data of 29 critical immune gene sets (Guo et al, 2022 ) from each glioma sample. Immune-related gene set scores between the two CDC42 expression groups were shown with the “pheatmap” package.…”