ELEVATED TRANS-MAMMARY TRANSMISSION OF Toxocara canis LARVAE IN BALB/c MICE

Telmo, Paula de Lima; Ávila, Luciana Farias da Costa de; Santos, Cristina Araújo dos; Aguiar, Patrícia de Souza de; Martins, Lourdes Helena Rodrigues; Berne, Maria Elisabeth Aires; Scaini, Carlos James

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652015000100013

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The importance of the transmammary route in the transmission of T. canis in mice was emphasized by a group of researchers from the Federal University of Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. 115,116 The migration patterns of T. canis were studied in experimental infections of mice and gerbils. In Rattus norvegicus, a significant difference was found between the migration patterns according to the sex of the animals.…”

Section: Experimental Studies In Nonhuman Paratenic Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers

Chieffi¹,

Lescano²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2021

RRTM

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Section: Experimental Studies In Nonhuman Paratenic Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers

Chieffi¹,

Lescano²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2021

RRTM

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“…However, studies using experimental models have confirmed the transmission of Toxocara larvae via transmammary routes, by examining tissue samples of neonatal mice (REITEROVÁ et al, 2003;JIN et al, 2008;SOUZA AGUIAR et al, 2014), mice at 50 days of age (TELMO et al, 2015), and directly through rabbit milk (SANTARÉM et al, 2014). Nonetheless, the limit of detection of the technique presented by these authors in detecting larvae has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Transmission Of T Canis In Dogs Is Predominantlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Limit of detection of Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally contaminated bovine milk

et al. 2016

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This study aimed to evaluate the limit of detection of Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally contaminated commercial bovine milk samples, based on a centrifuge-sedimentation technique. Firstly, bovine milk (whole and skim) samples were contaminated with 50 T. canis larvae in order to evaluate the interference of milk fat with the recovery of the larvae. Next, the effects of 10% formalin (100 µL), ether (100 µL), and a combination of both solutions on the recovery of the larvae was examined. Thereafter, the limit of detection of the larvae was determined using the solution (from step 2) considered optimal for degreasing the milk sample. Samples were contaminated with aliquots of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 larvae. For each milk sample (1.0 mL), 15 repetitions were analysed. The recovery of the larvae from the skim milk samples was higher (p = 0.0031) than that from the whole milk samples. No significant difference (p = 0.5681) was observed with regard to the percentage of recovered larvae when comparing the degreasing solutions. Nevertheless, the formalin-ether combination was more efficient for recovering the larvae (73.1%) than ether (71.9%), formalin (67.6%), and pure whole milk (70.0%). Concerning the limit of detection (using formalin-ether), all the samples contaminated with 5, 10, 25, and 50 larvae tested positive (minimum: 62.7%). Of the samples contaminated with a single larva, 66.7% tested positive. These results suggest that the centrifugation-sedimentation technique may be useful for recovering larvae of Toxocara spp. in naturally or experimentally contaminated milk samples obtained from a wide range of animal species. Key words: Toxocariasis, recovery of larvae, diagnosis ResumoO objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o limite de detecção de larvas de Toxocara canis em leite bovino comercial contaminado experimentalmente, a partir de uma técnica de centrifugo-sedimentação. Primeiramente, amostras de leite bovino comercial (integral e desnatado) foram contaminadas com 50 larvas de T. canis, para avaliação da interferência da gordura sobre a recuperação das larvas. Em uma segunda etapa, foi avaliada a ação de formalina 10% (100 µL), éter (100 µL) e combinação das soluções. A terceira etapa consistiu da verificação do limite de detecção de larvas, com uso da melhor solução desengordurante (etapa 2), em amostras de leite (1,0 mL) contendo 1; 5; 10; 25 e 50 larvas. Para cada análise de detecção do leite (1,0 mL), foram realizadas 15 repetições. Foi observado que o percentual de recuperação de larvas no leite desnatado foi significativamente maior (p= 0,0031) que o observado no leite integral. Na comparação das soluções, não houve diferença significativa (p= 0,5681) no percentual de larvas recuperadas. Entretanto, houve uma maior recuperação quando do emprego da combinação de formol-éter (73,1%) em relação ao éter (71,9%), ao formol (67,6%) e ao leite integral puro (70,0%). Em relação ao limite de detecção, com uso de formalina-éter, todas as alíquotas apresentaram resultado positivo (mínimo de 62,7% de larvas ...

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“…Toxoplasmosis, which stands out as a major public health problem and a serious disorder during pregnancy, can cause abortion, fetal death, impaired fetal growth and congenital infection, with serious consequences to the neonate (Tenter et al , 2000; Pappas et al , 2009). Although vertical transmission of toxocariasis has been recorded only once (Maffrand et al , 2006), its importance in the transmission of Toxocara canis has been widely proven, as has the potential risk of complications it poses during pregnancy (abortion and impaired fetal growth), according to studies involving experimental models (Schoenardie et al , 2013a; Aguiar et al , 2015; Telmo et al , 2015). Moreover, the seroprevalence of Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and other factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in pregnant women from southern Brazil

et al. 2016

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Toxoplasmosis causes complications during pregnancy that have serious effects on fetal development. Thus far, toxocariasis has been reported to spread only via vertical transmission. Nonetheless, the population of pregnant women is also exposed to this infection. Co-infection with both Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. has been reported in children, but there are no reports of co-infection in the population of pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of co-infection with T. gondii and Toxocara spp. in pregnant women at a university hospital in southern Brazil, and to identify the risk factors associated with infection by both parasites. Two hundred pregnant women were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondii and anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies and were asked to complete an epidemiological questionnaire. In this study, the co-infection rate observed in the total population of pregnant women was 8%. In addition, women with a positive result for a serology test for Toxocara spp. were at increased risk of infection by T. gondii (P = 0.019). Co-infection with both parasites in pregnant women was associated with low birth weights in neonates. The similar modes of transmission of both parasites could explain the co-infection. Only a few previous studies have investigated this phenomenon. The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of serological diagnosis during prenatal care and further research in this area to identify risk factors associated with this co-infection, and the possible implications of this co-infection during pregnancy and on the health of newborns.

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ELEVATED TRANS-MAMMARY TRANSMISSION OF Toxocara canis LARVAE IN BALB/c MICE

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers

Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers

Limit of detection of Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally contaminated bovine milk

Risk and other factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in pregnant women from southern Brazil

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