“…This includes specialization, problemsolving abilities, interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical practices, adaptability, global perspectives, entrepreneurial innovation, quality assurance, safety, and job market competitiveness (Chen et al, 2021;Nedungadi et al, 2018;Stitt-Bergh et al, 2018). Continuous learning and investment in comprehensive training cultivate a skilled workforce capable of driving progress, solving complex challenges, and contributing positively to the world (Frey et al, 2017;'Raman et al, 2013;Sneider, 2016). However, despite their enormous efforts, engineering universities continue to encounter difficulties in producing qualified engineers who can fulfill global expectations (Shahid et al, 2022).…”