Elevating serotonin pre-partum alters the Holstein dairy cow hepatic adaptation to lactation

Weaver, Samantha R.; Prichard, Allan S.; Maerz, Noah L.; Prichard, A. P.; Endres, E. L.; Hernández-Castellano, Lorenzo E.; Akins, M.S.; Bruckmaier, Rupert M.; Hernández, Laura

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184939

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…There is some evidence that serotonin and melatonin may also impact maternal feeding behavior. For example, increased serotonin signaling reduces food intake in pregnant cows (Laporta et al, 2015 ; Weaver et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Hernández-Castellano et al, 2017 ). Similarly, exogenous melatonin lowers food intake in pregnant rats (Nir and Hirschmann, 1980 ; Jahnke et al, 1999 ; Singh et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Placental Hormones That Mediate Maternal Adaptations To Pregmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, mammary gland proliferation and calcium transport is impaired in pregnant mice with genetically-induced serotonin deficiency (Laporta et al, 2014a , b ). Conversely, supplementation of a serotonin precursor increases mammary calcium transporter expression and milk calcium content in lactating mice and cows (Laporta et al, 2013a , b , 2015 ; Weaver et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Hernández-Castellano et al, 2017 ). In contrast to serotonin, increased melatonin signaling is associated with reduced ductal growth and branching, as well as impaired terminal end bud formation in the non-pregnant state (Xiang et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Placental Hormones That Mediate Maternal Adaptations To Pregmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation

et al. 2018

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During pregnancy, the mother must adapt her body systems to support nutrient and oxygen supply for growth of the baby in utero and during the subsequent lactation. These include changes in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune and metabolic systems of the mother. Failure to appropriately adjust maternal physiology to the pregnant state may result in pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes and abnormal birth weight, which can further lead to a range of medically significant complications for the mother and baby. The placenta, which forms the functional interface separating the maternal and fetal circulations, is important for mediating adaptations in maternal physiology. It secretes a plethora of hormones into the maternal circulation which modulate her physiology and transfers the oxygen and nutrients available to the fetus for growth. Among these placental hormones, the prolactin-growth hormone family, steroids and neuropeptides play critical roles in driving maternal physiological adaptations during pregnancy. This review examines the changes that occur in maternal physiology in response to pregnancy and the significance of placental hormone production in mediating such changes.

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Section: Placental Hormones That Mediate Maternal Adaptations To Pregmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Placental Hormones That Mediate Maternal Adaptations To Pregmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation

et al. 2018

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“…Extracted DNA was lyophilized and resuspended in 20 µL of H 2 O before quantification with a Qubit system (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA). Real-time quantitative PCR was performed with EvaGreen (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and the following primers for bovine cyclophilin A: forward 5′-CACCGT-GTTCTTCGACATCG-3′ and reverse 3′-ACAGCT-CAAAAGAGACGCGG-5′ (Weaver et al, 2017) on a CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad).…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of sampling technique and bedding type on the milk microbiota: Results of a pilot study

Metzger

Hernández

Skarlupka

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the influence of sampling technique and exposure to different bedding types on the milk microbiome of healthy primiparous cows. Primiparous Holstein cows (n = 20) with no history of clinical mastitis or monthly somatic cell counts >150,000 cells/mL were selected for this study. From each enrolled cow, a composite milk sample was aseptically collected from all 4 mammary quarters (individual quarter somatic cell counts <100,000 cells/mL), 1 individual quarter milk sample was collected using conventional aseptic technique, and 2 individual quarter milk samples were collected directly from the gland cistern using a needle and vacuum tube. All milk samples were cultured using standard milk microbiological techniques and DNA was extracted. Extracted DNA was subjected to PCR and next-generation sequencing for microbiota determination. All samples yielded relatively little total DNA. Amplification of PCR was successful in 45, 40, and 83% of composite, conventional, and cisternal samples, respectively. Bacteria were successfully cultured from 35% of composite milk samples but from none of the quarter milk samples collected using conventional or cisternal sampling techniques. Bacterial DNA sequences were assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTU) based on 97% sequence similarity, and bacterial richness and diversity were determined. Most samples were dominated by low-prevalence OTU and of the 4,051 identified OTU, only 14 were prevalent at more than 1% each. These included bacteria typically recovered from environmental sources. Chao richness was greatest in composite samples and was 636, 347, and 356 for composite, conventional quarter, and cisternal milk samples, respectively. Shannon diversity was similar among sample types and ranged from 3.88 (quarter) to 4.17 (composite). Richness and diversity did not differ by bedding type among cisternal samples, but the power of this pilot study was limited due to small sample size. Despite the small sample size, for milk samples collected from the gland cistern, overall bacterial community composition differed among bedding types. These results demonstrate that sampling technique and bedding type may be associated with the microbiota detected in bovine milk, and we suggest that these variables should be considered in designing and reporting studies about the milk microbiota.

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“…At the level of the mammary gland, 5-HT is thought to increase PTHrP production (Hernandez et al, 2012); however, it is not known how 5-HT induces the production of PTHrP in the mammary gland. Based on these findings in rodents, research has been performed to evaluate the role of 5-HT on calcium homeostasis in dairy cows (Weaver et al, 2016;Hernández-Castellano et al, 2017a and2017c;Weaver et al, 2017). In these studies, 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP), a hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid tryptophan, has been intravenously infused to promote the synthesis of 5-HT by the peripheral tissues in dairy cows prior to parturition.…”

Section: Traditional Management Practices For the Prevention Of Hypocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Endocrine pathways to regulate calcium homeostasis around parturition and the prevention of hypocalcemia in periparturient dairy cows

Hernández-Castellano

Hernández

Bruckmaier

2020

Animal

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Calcium homeostasis is crucial for the normal function of the organism. Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and calcitonin play critical roles in the homeostatic regulation of calcium. Serotonin and prolactin have also been shown to be involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis. In modern dairy cows, the endocrine pathways controlling calcium homeostasis during non-lactating and non-pregnant physiological states are unable to fully support the increased demand of calcium required for milk synthesis at the onset of lactation. This review describes different endocrine systems associated with the regulation of calcium homeostasis in mammalian species around parturition with special focus on dairy cows. Additionally, classic and novel strategies to reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia in parturient dairy cows are discussed. ImplicationsCalcium is essential in multiple physiological processes. Under normal physiological conditions, calcium is tightly regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and calcitonin. Dairy cows have been selected for high milk production. At the onset of lactation, the high demand of calcium for milk production often causes decreased calcium concentrations in blood, which leads to subclinical or clinical hypocalcemia. Besides the impact on performance and health, hypocalcemia increases the risk of suffering from further metabolic diseases. This review describes factors associated to calcium regulation around parturition as well as established and novel strategies to reduce hypocalcemia incidence in dairy cows. †

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Elevating serotonin pre-partum alters the Holstein dairy cow hepatic adaptation to lactation

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation

The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation

Influence of sampling technique and bedding type on the milk microbiota: Results of a pilot study

Review: Endocrine pathways to regulate calcium homeostasis around parturition and the prevention of hypocalcemia in periparturient dairy cows

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