Elevation-dependent pseudorange variation characteristics analysis for the new-generation BeiDou satellite navigation system

Analyzing the Satellite-Induced Code Bias Variation Characteristics for the BDS-3 Via a 40 m Dish Antenna

“…The obvious elevation-dependent variation of the B2a and B2b frequency bands also exists in most satellites with a range of 0.1 m, but the MP combination values of some satellites are asymmetric with respect to elevation, which is especially obvious for the B1I and BIC frequency bands with elevation-dependent variations of 0.2 m, which indicates that the code bias variation is not uniquely related to elevation, especially for the B1I/BIC frequency bands. This performance also appears in the B1C frequency band for three BDS-3 experimental satellites [15]. The code bias variation may have a certain relationship with elevations and azimuths, which deserves further study with more observations.…”

“…In order to further analyze the difference in the code bias of the different frequency bands, Figure 4 shows the root mean square (RMS) values of the MP combination value of all frequency bands in which the last data "MEAN" refers to the RMS values of all satellites. The RMS value of MP combination values of the frequency bands is noticeably small about 0.05 m but B1I in about 0.1 m, which indicates that MP error resulting from the station surroundings can be ignored and any systematic bias remaining in the MP observations for the experiment can be safely attributed to the satellite or receiver configuration for the 40 m dish antenna [15]. From the overall results, the MP time series of the old signal B3I is the most stable, showing better MP mitigation performance.…”

“…The code variations of the BDS-3 experimental satellites and BDS-3 satellites have already been discussed in previous research with the development of BDS-3 system [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Zhang et al [13,14] analyzed all signals based on the two IGSO and three MEO experimental satellites measured by a single receiver and multiple receivers, respectively, using normal geodetic antennas; their results show that the satellite-induced code bias for BDS-3 experimental satellites and signals can be negligible for observations observed at different stations' MW values.…”

“…The code observations for BDS-3 satellites, however, may be contaminated due to the low gain of normal geodetic antennas and multipath (MP) error from the surroundings. Zhou et al [15] noted that the observation of 40 m dish antenna from the National Time Service Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences provides a way to analyze these types of systematic code variations since the MP combination observations got by it accurately detected the satellite-induced code variation without considering MP errors resulting from the station surroundings. Meantime, they used the 40-m dish antenna to gain more insight into the code-carrier divergence characteristics of BDS-3 experimental satellites, identifying the existence of code bias variations in a range of 0.1 m. There are differences between the BDS-3 experimental satellites and the BDS-3 satellites, and the existing research lacks the more accurate research on the satellite-induced code bias variation BDS-3 satellite.…”

The BeiDou global broadcast ionospheric delay correction model (BDGIM) and its preliminary performance evaluation results

“…Zhang et al presented the initial assessment of BDS‐3‐IOV signals and reported that the quality of BDS‐3‐IOV observations is comparable with those of GPS and Galileo signals from their selected prototype receivers. Lei et al and Zhou et al investigated the elevation‐dependent pseudorange variation characteristics of BDS‐3‐IOV satellites via several experiments. They found that the satellite‐induced code biases, which are commonly observed in BDS‐2 code observations, are absent in B1C, B2a, and B2b frequency bands of BDS‐3‐IOV satellites.…”