Elevation of Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor in Amniotic Fluid at Late Stage of Normal Pregnancy

Abstract

We demonstrated a significant increase in amniotic fluid M-CSF levels in term gravidas. These results suggest that elevated levels of M-CSF in amniotic fluid have an important immunological function in the maintenance of pregnancy and fetal growth.

Spring peaks and autumn troughs identified in peripheral inflammatory markers during the peripartum period

“…CSF-1, a chemokine with anti-inflammatory properties, has been suggested to play a role in shaping decidual macrophages in early pregnancy, and thus having a key role in supporting a tolerant immune milieu 56 . Levels of CSF-1 have been reported to increase in late pregnancy 57 . SIRT2 was the marker with the largest expected relative difference of inflammation between trough and peak.…”

Macrophage colony stimulating factor: Not just for macrophages anymore! A gateway into complex biologies

“…Rats were surgically implanted intracranially with 10 4 T9 glioma cells. After waiting 1 week, the rats were vaccinated with T9-C2 cells (total of 3 × 10 5 cells) in the four quadrants of the rat on days 8,9,10,13,17,20,23 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The number of surviving rats after 60 days, along with the number that were initially used, are shown in the insets.…”

“…M-CSF plays important roles in many gynecological aspects such as egg follicle development, breast stimulation in preparation for lactation, fetal and placental growth. Since these topics have been covered elsewhere [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], we will not review it here.…”