Elevation of Oxidized Lipoprotein of Low Density in Users of Combined Oral
            Contraceptives

Santos, Alan Carlos Nery dos; Petto, Jefferson; Diogo, Diego Passos; Seixas, Candice Rocha; Souza, Lunara Horn de; Araújo, Wagner Santos; Ladeia, Ana Marice

doi:10.5935/abc.20180194

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that OC use for healthy women increases oxidative stress [ [18] , [19] , [20] ]; however, mechanisms remain unclear. One possible explanation is that, in contrast to E2, ethinylestradiol (EE) does not protect endothelial cells against oxidative stress and does not increase nitric oxide (NO) production [ 21 ].…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherosclerosis-related biomarkers in women with endometriosis: The effects of dienogest and oral contraceptive therapy

Maeda

Koshiba

Mori

et al. 2020

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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Objective Chronic inflammation in endometriosis is associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular disease; however, no studies have investigated the cardiovascular risk of women who have undergone hormonal therapy for endometriosis. We investigated atherosclerosis-related biomarkers in women with and without endometriosis and the effects of dienogest (DNG) and oral contraceptive (OC) therapies. Study design In this cross-sectional study, 109 women with endometriosis and 42 control women without endometriosis were enrolled. The endometriosis group was divided into the untreated (n = 34), DNG therapy (n = 33), and OC therapy (n = 42) groups. Lipid profile serum levels, inflammatory marker such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, oxidative stress markers such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites, and atherosclerosis indicators (cardio-ankle vascular index [CAVI] and ankle-brachial pressure index [ABI]) were measured. Results The median treatment duration was 28 months in the DNG group and 32.5 months in the OC group. Triglyceride levels were higher in the OC group than in the other three groups ( P < 0.05). Regarding markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites levels were higher in the untreated group than in the control group ( P < 0.05), and these markers were further increased in the OC group (log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: P < 0.05; diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites: P < 0.01), but not in the DNG group. There was no difference in the CAVI and ABI among all groups. Spearman correlation revealed a positive correlation between duration of OC therapy and CAVI (ρ = +0.49; P = 0.002), but no correlation between the duration of DNG therapy and CAVI (ρ = –0.04; P = 0.81). Conclusions Inflammation and oxidative stress markers are increased in women with untreated endometriosis. Treatment with OC, but not with DNG, further increases these levels. There was a positive association between the duration of OC administration and atherosclerosis risk for women with endometriosis. Our results suggest that DNG could be administered to endometriosis without the increased atherosclerosis risk and short-term OC administration for endometriosis is not harmful, however, atherosclerosis risk should be strictly observed.

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Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherosclerosis-related biomarkers in women with endometriosis: The effects of dienogest and oral contraceptive therapy

Maeda

Koshiba

Mori

et al. 2020

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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“…This expands lipid development in the liver causing a rise in VLDL-C levels [29]. The positive age-related relationship with VLDL-C proved by delayed utilization of estrogen is supported by the solid positive relationship of term with VLDL-C. VLDL-C levels were higher and increment with age and term of pill use [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of lipids levels and lipase enzyme in women who take birth control pills in Samarra

et al. 2021

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The current study aimed to explicate the effect of preventative pill effect on the lipids levels and lipase activity. The study design included two groups each consists of thirty women; preventative pill group (women who were taking contraceptive pills) and control group (women who were not taking contraceptive pills), their ages ran between (20-40) year. Blood samples were collected for the period from 1/11/2019 to 3/1/2020. Results of this study showed that there was a significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (VLDL-C) in contraceptive pills group compared to control group, while there was a significant decrease in Lipase activity and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level in contraceptive pills group compared with control group.

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“…(15,26,31) In other publications, the correlation of increased CRP in contraceptive users was not considered. (20,33)…”

Section: Changes In Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Combined Hormonal Contraceptives and Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Revision

Sousa¹,

Rocha²,

Lima³

et al. 2021

JHS

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Objective: The goal of this revision is to explain if the use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) can be correlated to metabolic alterations that may have an association on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Methods: Articles published between January 2008 and September 2020 identified in Google Scholar, Scielo, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases were enlisted and narrowed down to 28 selected articles and one Ph.D. thesis. Results: The use of CHCs may influence carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, and changes in C-reactive protein (CRP), however, the influence of CHCs on abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is unclear. Conclusions: The results found were controversial in most of the investigated cases of metabolic alterations. Therefore, there is no association between the use of CHCs and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.

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Elevation of Oxidized Lipoprotein of Low Density in Users of Combined Oral Contraceptives

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Atherosclerosis-related biomarkers in women with endometriosis: The effects of dienogest and oral contraceptive therapy

Atherosclerosis-related biomarkers in women with endometriosis: The effects of dienogest and oral contraceptive therapy

Measurement of lipids levels and lipase enzyme in women who take birth control pills in Samarra

The Use of Combined Hormonal Contraceptives and Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Revision

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