“…Some recent studies have addressed these statistical challenges by using randomization to compare results to appropriate null models (Lyons and Willig 1997, Diniz-Filho and Tôrres 2002, Ribas and Schoereder 2006, Beketov 2009, Davies et al 2011, Morin and Lechowicz 2011, Morin and Lechowicz 2013, by using more advanced grid-cell analyses over a two-dimensional landscape (Smith et al 1994, Meliadou and Troumbis 1997, Ruggiero et al 1998, Ruggiero and Hawkins 2006, Morin and Lechowicz 2011, Luo et al 2011, Whitton et al 2012, Morales-Castilla et al 2013, Morin and Lechowicz 2013 accounting for more complex climate patterns than simple latitudinal gradients, or by using quartile analyses to assess the impact of different groups of range sizes within the data set (e.g., by using only restricted-range species [Amend et al 2013, McCain and Knight 2013, Morin and Lechowicz 2013). However, evidence for Rapoport's Rule remains equivocal.…”