Elevational Trends in Usnic Acid Concentration of Lichen Parmelia flexilis in Relation to Temperature and Precipitation

Neupane, Bishnu Prasad; Malla, Komal Prasad; Gautam, Akash; Chaudhary, Dinesh Kumar; Paudel, Sanjita; Timsina, Sangita; Jamarkattel, Nirmala

doi:10.3390/cli5020040

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These discrepancies may be caused by the different environmental factors influencing the production of secondary metabolites in the lichen. This effect has already been described in the literature [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Is Caperatic Acid the Only Compound Responsible for Activity of Lichen Platismatia glauca within the Nervous System?

et al. 2022

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Lichens are a source of various biologically active compounds. However, the knowledge about them is still scarce, and their use in medicine is limited. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of the lichen Platismatia glauca and its major metabolite caperatic acid in regard to their potential application in the treatment of central nervous system diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours, such as glioblastoma. First, we performed the phytochemical analysis of the tested P. glauca extracts based on FT-IR derivative spectroscopic and gas chromatographic results. Next the antioxidant properties were determined, and moderate anti-radical activity, strong chelating properties of Cu2+ and Fe2+ ions, and a mild effect on the antioxidant enzymes of the tested extracts and caperatic acid were proved. Subsequently, the influence of the tested extracts and caperatic acid on cholinergic transmission was determined by in vitro and in silico studies confirming that inhibitory effect on butyrylcholinesterase is stronger than against acetylcholinesterase. We also confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of P. glauca extracts and caperatic acid using a COX-2 and hyaluronidase inhibition models. Moreover, our studies show the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity of the P. glauca extracts against T98G and U-138 MG glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. In conclusion, it is possible to assume that P. glauca extracts and especially caperatic acid can be regarded as the source of the valuable substances to finding new therapies of central nervous system diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Is Caperatic Acid the Only Compound Responsible for Activity of Lichen Platismatia glauca within the Nervous System?

et al. 2022

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“…The content of (-)-UA (52.52%±0.28), in the extract analysed by HPLC, was higher than in our previous study (28.40%) (Studzińśka-Sroka et al, 2015). This difference, as well as the lack of thamnolic acid in the studied extract, could result from various atmospheric conditions during the vegetation period of the lichen (Bjerke et al, 2005;Millot el al., 2007;Neupane et al, 2017). The results of FC analysis showed TPC equal to 70.36 ± 1.42 mg GAE/g of the dry extract, which is in accordance with data on TPC in other Cladonia species (Mitrović et al, 2011).…”

Section: Phytochemical Characterisation Of the Extractsupporting

confidence: 87%

Cladonia uncialis as a valuable raw material of biosynthetic compounds against clinical strains of bacteria and fungi

et al. 2019

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Cladonia uncialis is a lichen species with confirmed antibacterial activity and whose genome has been recently sequenced, enabling first attempts in its functional characterization. In this work, we investigated activity of the C. uncialis acetone extract (CUE) and usnic acid (UA) enantiomers against ten clinical microbial strains causing skin infections. The results showed that CUE, containing (–)-UA and squamatic acid, assayed at the same concentrations as UA, was noticeably more active than (–)-UA alone, in its pure form. The studied CUE displayed an activity that was comparable to that of (+)-UA observed for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium (18-24 mm zone of growth inhibition), but did not display any activity against fungal strains. The CUE demonstrated low cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells, in comparison to UA enantiomers, which is important for its therapeutic use. Results of the antioxidant assay (DPPH) indicated low antioxidant activity (IC50>200 µg/mL) of CUE, while the total phenolic content was 70.36 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g of the dry extract.

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“…Furthermore, the concentration could be dependent on the time difference in the extraction process and the dissolution of the extracted substances in organic solvents and DMSO through possible differences in polarity between the solvents. This may result in a difference not only in obtaining the absolute concentration of compounds in the extract, but also different proportions between the biochemical groups, regardless of the environmental (Armaleo et al 2008 ; Neupane et al 2017 ) and nutritional (Fazio et al 2014 ; Santiago et al 2020 ) influences or ecotype (Norouzi et al 2020 ) on the concentration of substances in the lichen thalli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi

2021

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A systematic review of literature data on the antifungal potential of extracted lichen compounds and individual secondary metabolites against mold species of the genus Aspergillus is provided. Crude extracts from 49 epiphytic, 16 epigeic and 22 epilithic species of lichens and 44 secondary metabolites against 10 species, Aspergillus candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. restrictus, A. stellatus and A. ustus, were analysed. Several measuring techniques were employed for such analyses. Lichen substances were extracted with alcoholic and other organic solvents mainly using the Soxhlet apparatus. Among the three most-studied mold species, the results showed that the crude extracts from the thalli of the lichens Cladonia foliacea, Hypotrachyna cirrhata, Leucodermia leucomelos, Platismatia glauca and Pseudevernia furfuracea against Aspergillus flavus, from C. foliacea, Nephroma arcticum and Parmelia sulcata against A. fumigatus and from Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Umbilicaria cylindrica and Variospora dolomiticola against A. niger have the greatest antifungal potential. The lichen secondary metabolites showed a higher inhibitory potential, e.g. protolichesterinic acid against A. flavus, lecanoric acid against A. fumigatus and orsellinic acid against A. niger; the other seven species of Aspergillus have been poorly studied and require further investigation. A comparison of the inhibitory potential of the tested mixtures of lichen substances and their secondary metabolites shows that they can compete with commonly used antifungal substances, such as ketoconazole and clotrimazole against A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger and A. parasiticus and fluconazole in the case of A. fumigatus.

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Elevational Trends in Usnic Acid Concentration of Lichen Parmelia flexilis in Relation to Temperature and Precipitation

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Is Caperatic Acid the Only Compound Responsible for Activity of Lichen Platismatia glauca within the Nervous System?

Is Caperatic Acid the Only Compound Responsible for Activity of Lichen Platismatia glauca within the Nervous System?

Cladonia uncialis as a valuable raw material of biosynthetic compounds against clinical strains of bacteria and fungi

The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi

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