Eleven year follow‐up of 300 young opioid addicts

Haastrup, S.; Jepsen, P.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05071.x

Cited by 69 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] Standardized mortality ratios have indicated that injection drug users (IDUs) are 6 to 20 times more likely to die prematurely than their peers. [1][2][3][4] Deaths due to accidental overdose are a major cause of mortality among IDUs. 3,[5][6][7][8] Factors that increase the risk of fatal overdose include use of multiple drugs, temporal variations in the purity of drugs, and termination of methadone maintenance treatment.…”

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Predictors of accidental fatal drug overdose among a cohort of injection drug users

et al. 2001

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A B S T R A C TObjectives. This study evaluated factors associated with accidental fatal drug overdose among a cohort of injection drug users (IDUs).Methods. In a prospective cohort study of 2849 IDUs in King County, Washington, deaths were identified by electronically merging subject identifiers with death certificate records. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of overdose mortality.Results. Thirty-two overdoses were observed. Independent predictors of overdose mortality were bisexual sexual orientation (relative risk Conclusions. Sexual orientation, homelessness, and drug use identify IDUs who may benefit from targeted interventions. (Am J Public Health. 2001; 91:984-987) [

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Predictors of accidental fatal drug overdose among a cohort of injection drug users

et al. 2001

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“…2,11 El suicidio incide en un 5.6% de las muertes, dato similar a los que aparecen en otras investigaciones 2,5 pero más bajo que los datos de estudios realizados en el norte de Europa. 43,44 La mortalidad originada por hepatopatías es sorprendentemente baja, aunque en la zona estudiada, en 1985, la prevalencia media del VHC estuviese cerca del 70% y la del VHB fuese del 40%, reduciéndose después al 20% en 1998. 45,46 Además, existen estudios anteriores que aportan porcentajes sólo ligeramente más altos que los nuestros.…”

Section: Figura 2 Distribución De La Edad Media De Las Muertes Desdeunclassified

Causas principales de muerte entre 2.708 heroinómanos del noreste italiano (1985-1998)

et al. 2002

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RESUMENObjetivos. Establecer las causas de la muerte acaecidas entre 1985 y 1998 en un numeroso grupo de usuarios de droga por vía intravenosa (ADVP)] acogidos en 36 Servicios Públicos para Toxicomanías (Ser T) del noroeste italiano.Métodos. Estudio realizado sobre datos recogidos en los archivos de los Ser. T y del Registro Municipal de cada una de las ULSS estudiadas.Individuos implicados. Todos los ADVP que hayan pasado por lo menos una vez por uno de los 36 Ser.T. incluidos en el estudio.Resultados. El estudio analizó las causas de la muerte de 2708 individuos. La primera causa de muerte es la sobredosis (37%), seguida del SIDA (32.5%) y de los accidentes de tráfico (9.4%). El porcentaje de muertes causadas por el SIDA aumentó progresivamente, pasando de un 2.7% en 1985 a un 42.2% en 1996, reduciéndose después al 16.9% en 1998. El porcentaje de fallecimientos por sobredosis se mantuvo prácticamente constante durante todo el tiempo. La edad media de la muerte aumentó, pasando de 26 años a mediados de los años 80 a 34 años en 1998. La tasa de mortalidad entre ADVP es 13 veces mayor que en el conjunto de la población (95%, CI 11.3-14.6). En el conjunto de la población el porcentaje de fallecimientos en edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 34 años atribuida al uso de opiáceos era en 1991 (año del último censo) del 16%. La prevalencia del VIH no resultó estadísticamente significativa en las causas de muerte por suicidio o sobredosis.Conclusiones. Se comprobó que la tasa de mortalidad era 13 veces superior a la de la población general. Se demostró la importancia del sexo femenino y el drop out de los tratamientos (al margen del tipo de tratamiento en cuestión) como factores de riesgo de sobredosis. La paulatina disminución de muertes por SIDA destaca la importancia de los tratamientos preventivos y terapéuticos adecuados contra la infección de VHC. Las medidas que se adopten en el campo de las drogodependencias, tanto en el ámbito de la política como en la investigación y la formación, deben tener presente el dramáticamente elevado porcentaje de individuos que mueren por consumo de heroína. Participants: All IDUs who had sought medical care at least once in the PCDUs during the study period.Findings: Of 2708 deaths, overdose was found to be the major cause (37%), followed by AIDS (32.5%) and road accidents (9.4%). The percentage of deaths due to AIDS increased steadily from 2.7% in 1985 to 42.2% in 1996, and then decreased to 16.9% in 1998. Deaths due to overdose remained almost constant. The average age of death per year rose from 26 in the mid eighties to 34 in 1998. The mortality rate among IDUs proved much higher compared to the general population of the same age (13-fold, 95% CI 11.3-14.6). The proportion of all deaths attributable to regular use of illegal opiates in the 15-34 age group in the general population in 1991 was 16%. HIV prevalence was not a significant factor in suicides and deaths by overdose.Conclusions: The mortality rate was 13 times greater than in the general population. To be female and...

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“…However, in recent years a significantly higher annual mortality rate (around 4-5%) has been reported from a few studies [11,12], compared to what most follow-up studies in the Scandinavian countries have reported (around 2%) [13][14][15][16]. In Norway deaths from overdoses or 'drug-related deaths' now constitute a significant proportion of all deaths among young people.…”

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Alcohol and Non-Fatal Drug Overdoses

Ødegård¹,

Rossow²

2004

Eur Addict Res

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The purpose of this study was to explore to what extent alcohol is a factor in non-fatal overdoses on the basis of records of ambulance emergencies, and to what extent this varies across gender and age. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate whether alcohol intake, in relation to an overdose, is associated with the risk of recurrent overdoses, and if so, whether such an association varies across gender and age. To investigate the role of alcohol intake in non-fatal overdoses, analyses were conducted both at the event level and at the individual level. Bivariate associations were explored in table analyses and by comparisons of means. To determine whether alcohol intake was associated with experiencing recurrent overdoses, survival analyses were conducted applying Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox regression models. Furthermore, a linear regression model was estimated to assess the impact of gender age and number of overdoses on the proportion of overdoses in which alcohol was involved. Between groups of clients who had overdosed once, several times or many times, we found that there was a U-shaped relationship. The proportion of overdoses with alcohol involved was highest among those who had overdosed once and those who had overdosed more than ten times. The probability for a recurrent overdose was higher among those who were reported with no alcohol intake in the first overdose. Being female and having alcohol involved in the first overdose registered during our observation period reduced the risk for a recurrent overdose. However, age seemed to be a gradient with respect to alcohol’s association with recurrent overdoses. While alcohol was associated with a significantly lower risk for recurrence in the two youngest age groups, this is not the case in the oldest age group. A possible explanation might be that it is a change in the pattern of drug use as an effect of aging where infrequent heroin use in combination with frequent alcohol intake increases with increasing age. For this type of drug users the individual’s risk of recurrent overdoses may be lower due to fewer events of heroin intake.

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Eleven year follow‐up of 300 young opioid addicts

Cited by 69 publications

References 12 publications

Predictors of accidental fatal drug overdose among a cohort of injection drug users

Predictors of accidental fatal drug overdose among a cohort of injection drug users

Causas principales de muerte entre 2.708 heroinómanos del noreste italiano (1985-1998)

Alcohol and Non-Fatal Drug Overdoses

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