Elicitation effects of oligosaccharides on the transcriptional level of bacitracin ABC transporter genes in Bacillus licheniformis

Murphy, Tania; Roy, Ipsita; Harrop, A.J.; Dixon, Keith; Keshavarz, Tajalli

doi:10.1007/s10529-008-9743-0

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…25−27 Regular PCR or qPCR was also run on manure samples for bacitracin resistance genes bceA and bceR 28 as well as bcrA, bcrB, and bcrC. 29 The detection limit for each qPCR protocol was determined as the minimum concentration in the standard curve within the linear range. Key qPCR parameters and the linear range for each primer set can be found in SI Table S3.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA extracts were quantified using a NanoDrop spectrometer. qPCR conditions for tetracycline resistance genes tet (Q) and tet (X) and for tylosin resistance genes erm (B) and erm (F) were adopted from published studies. − Regular PCR or qPCR was also run on manure samples for bacitracin resistance genes bceA and bceR as well as bcrA , bcrB , and bcrC . The detection limit for each qPCR protocol was determined as the minimum concentration in the standard curve within the linear range.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and Transport of Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Soil and Runoff Following Land Application of Swine Manure Slurry

Joy

Bartelt–Hunt

Snow

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

175

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Due to the use of antimicrobials in livestock production, residual antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) could enter the environment following the land application of animal wastes and could further contaminate surface and groundwater. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various manure land application methods on the fate and transport of antimicrobials and ARGs in soil and runoff following land application of swine manure slurry. Swine manure slurries were obtained from facilities housing pigs that were fed chlortetracyline, tylosin or bacitracin and were land applied via broadcast, incorporation, and injection methods. Three rainfall simulation tests were then performed on amended and control plots. Results show that land application methods had no statistically significant effect on the aqueous concentrations of antimicrobials in runoff. However, among the three application methods tested broadcast resulted in the highest total mass loading of antimicrobials in runoff from the three rainfall simulation tests. The aqueous concentrations of chlortetracyline and tylosin in runoff decreased in consecutive rainfall events, although the trend was only statistically significant for tylosin. For ARGs, broadcast resulted in significantly higher erm genes in runoff than did incorporation and injection methods. In soil, the effects of land application methods on the fate of antimicrobials in top soil were compound specific. No clear trend was observed in the ARG levels in soil, likely because different host cells may respond differently to the soil environments created by various land application methods.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Transport of Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Soil and Runoff Following Land Application of Swine Manure Slurry

Joy

Bartelt–Hunt

Snow

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regular PCR was also run on bacitracin-manure samples for bacitracin resistance genes bceA and bceR (Yoshida et al, 2011) as well as bcrA, bcrB, and bcrC (Murphy et al, 2008). All qPCR results on ARGs were normalized to the 16S rRNA gene, which was quantified using the qPCR protocol from Suzuki et al (2000).…”

Section: Arg Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in simulated swine manure storage

Joy

Snow

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Hunt, Shannon L., "Fate of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in simulated swine manure storage" (2014 H I G H L I G H T S• Decay rates were determined for antimicrobials in anaerobic swine manure slurry.• Decreases in tet and erm resistance genes were observed.• Reductions in tet genes corresponded with reduced concentrations of chlortetracycline.• Compounds in addition to parent antimicrobial may exert selective pressure for erm resistance. The behavior of three antibiotics (bacitracin, chlortetracycline, and tylosin) and two classes of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), tet and erm, were monitored in swine manure slurry under anaerobic conditions. First-order decay rates were determined for each antibiotic with half-lives ranging from 1 day (chlortetracycline) to 10 days (tylosin). ARGs were monitored in the swine manure slurry, and losses of approximately 1 to 3 orders of magnitude in relative abundance were observed during the 40 day storage period. First-order degradation profiles were observed for chlortetracycline and its corresponding resistance genes, tet(X) and tet(Q). Tylosin was degraded to approximately 10% of the starting concentration by day 40; however, the relative abundance of erm(B) remained at 50-60% of the initial relative abundance while the relative abundance of erm(F) decreased by 80-90%, consistent with tylosin. These results indicate that tet resistance genes respond primarily to chlortetracycline antimicrobials, and may be lost when the parent tetracycline compound is degraded. In contrast, erm(B) resistance gene may respond to a range of antimicrobials in animal manure, and may persist despite losses of tylosin.

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“…Evidence for transcriptional level control was obtained using real‐time PCR, where a direct correlation between enhancement of bacitracin A production and the transcription of its biosynthetic genes was made. Elicitor supplementation (OG and MO as above) resulted in increased transcription of the bacitracin biosynthetic genes bacABC ( Murphy et al ., 2007b ), and overexpression of bcrABC genes encoding the bacitracin ABC transporter system ( Murphy et al ., 2008 ). Polysaccharides have also been used to enhance production of secondary metabolites in bacteria and fungi ( Patterson and Bolis, 1997 ; Zhu et al ., 2008 ).…”

Section: Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small‐molecule elicitation of microbial secondary metabolites

Pettit

2011

Microbial Biotechnology

134

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SummaryMicrobial natural products continue to be an unparalleled resource for pharmaceutical lead discovery, but the rediscovery rate is high. Bacterial and fungal sequencing studies indicate that the biosynthetic potential of many strains is much greater than that observed by fermentation. Prodding the expression of such silent (cryptic) pathways will allow us to maximize the chemical diversity available from microorganisms. Cryptic metabolic pathways can be accessed in the laboratory using molecular or cultivation‐based approaches. A targeted approach related to cultivation‐based methods is the application of small‐molecule elicitors to specifically affect transcription of secondary metabolite gene clusters. With the isolation of the novel secondary metabolites lunalides A and B, oxylipins, cladochromes F and G, nygerone A, chaetoglobosin‐542, ‐540 and ‐510, sphaerolone, dihydrosphaerolone, mutolide and pestalone, and the enhanced production of known secondary metabolites like penicillin and bacitracin, chemical elicitation is proving to be an effective way to augment natural product libraries.

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Elicitation effects of oligosaccharides on the transcriptional level of bacitracin ABC transporter genes in Bacillus licheniformis

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Fate and Transport of Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Soil and Runoff Following Land Application of Swine Manure Slurry

Fate and Transport of Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Soil and Runoff Following Land Application of Swine Manure Slurry

Fate of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in simulated swine manure storage

Small‐molecule elicitation of microbial secondary metabolites

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