Eliminating the Brittleness Constituent to Enhance Toughness of the High-Strength Steel Weld Heat-Affected Zone Using Electropulsing

Abstract

The evolution of the martensite–austenite (MA) constituent in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of high-strength steel FH690 welds when subjected to electropulsing (EP) treatment was investigated herein, with the aim of eliminating brittle MA to enhance toughness. The features induced by EPT were correlated with the microstructure and fractography through scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction analyses, together constituting an impact property evaluation. The Charpy V-notch impact results showed EPT could improve toughness of the HAZ from 34.1 J to 51.8 J (the calibrated value was 46 J). Examinations of EP-treated microstructure showed a preferred Joule heating: at the site of the MA constituent, the cleavage fractography introduced by the MA constituent was substituted with ductile dimples with various sizes. Decreases in grain size of 40% and 47% for the matrix and the retained austenite, respectively, were achieved; while for regions without the MA constituent, microstructural modification was negligible. The temperature rise at sample surface was less than 60 °C. The mechanism behind this favorable Joule heating for the MA constituent was correlated with the electrical properties of the MA constituent in contrast with martensite matrix. The toughness enhancement of the HAZ was thus attributed to the elimination of the coarse MA constituent. The present investigation suggested that electropulsing, characterized as a narrow-duration current, is a promising method for preferred elimination of brittle factors and thus improving the toughness of HAZ of high-strength steel within a limited region with a width less than 2 mm.

Toughening and Hardening Limited Zone of High-Strength Steel through Geometrically Necessary Dislocation When Exposed to Electropulsing

“…The full martensitic matrix shown in Figure 6 c confirms an evolution from ferrite and pearlite shown in Figure 2 b via complete austenitization above A C3 . This change in the total Gibbs free energy can be described as [ 26 ]: where is the change of free energy in a conventional thermal system, is the energy change generated by electric distribution, where and are the magnetic susceptibility in a vacuum and the volume of a nucleus, respectively, g is a positive geometric factor, is a factor, for austenite with less crystal deformation [ 27 ], then , which yields: …”

Assessment of Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Welded Joints via Numerical Simulation and Experiments

“…The new challenges in the welding sector are also aimed at the weldability of materials that could have been thought of as not weldable [ 9 ], or at the welded joint properties improvement [ 10 ] by a proper selection of the welding process and/or post-welding heat treatment.…”