Elimination of aflatoxins from peanut meal

Abstract

Peanut meal containing aflatoxins was heat treated in the presence of moisture and chemicals to reduce the aflatoxin content. Treatments with ammonia, methylamine, sodium hydroxide and ozone were effective in either destroying afiatoxins or greatly reducing aflatoxin levels as indicated both by TLC analysis and feeding experiments with ducklings and rats. Weight gains for animals receiving the treated meals were essentially comparable to those for animals receiving aflatoxin-free meal. The treated meMs, however, had somewhat reduced protein efficiency ratios, as indicated by rat feeding tests. Complete elimination of aflatoxins from contaminated peanut meal was achieved by extraction with a 90% acetone-]0% water (w/w) solvent system. The extracted aflatoxin-free peanut meal gave good growth in the duckling and rat feeding tests, and had a relatively high protein efficiency ratio.

Degradation of aflatoxins in aqueous buffer in the presence of nucleophiles

“…Oxidizing agents easily attack the double bond in the furo-furan ring of aflatoxins B1 and G1 while the lactone ring common to all aflatoxins is hydrolyzed in aqueous and alkaline environments. Among chemical agents that have been tested, inorganic and organic bases such as ammonia, ethylamine, and methylamine showed to be the most efficacious in degrading aflatoxins (Dollear, Mann, Codifer, Gardner, Koltun & Vix, 1968). Studies have achieved total elimination of aflatoxins by heating with methylamine and sodium hydroxide at 100°C (Mann, Codifer, Gardner, Koltun, & Dollear, 1970).…”

Effect of Oxygen-Reducing Atmospheres on the Safety of Packaged Shelled Brazil Nuts during Storage

“…Maeba et al (1988) reported the destruction and detoxification of AFB 1 and AFG 1 in agricultural products treated with 1.1 ppm of O 3 during 5 minutes [24]. Aflatoxin degradation in different food products, either fresh or processed at different O 3 concentrations, has been reported by some authors [13, 25–28]. An advantage of gaseous O 3 , apart from being a powerful disinfectant, oxidant, and aflatoxins degrader, is that it decomposes quite fast into O 2 and does not have toxic effect [29–31].…”

Phytoinhibition of Growth and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis in Toxigenic Fungi

“…A large number of chemicals can react with aflatoxins and convert them to less toxic and mutagenic compounds. These chemicals include acids, bases, oxidizing agents, bisulphites and gases [Dollear et al, 1968;Mann et al, 1970;Mendez-Albores, 2007]. The components of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is well known for its interference in aflatoxin biosynthesis with very little action on the fungal mycelia [Bhatnagar et al, 1988., Allameh et al, 2001 .…”