“…Aluminium (Al) is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust and plays a crucial role in many elds, such as papermaking, textiles, medicine, food additives, water purication systems, and construction materials. [1][2][3] Although aluminium is widely applied in many elds, from manufacturing industries to daily life, an excess of aluminium can cause harm to ecological, environmental and human health. For example, the accumulation of excess Al 3+ in soils can hinder the growth of plants.…”