Elimination of viruses, phages, bacteria and Cryptosporidium by a new generation Aquaguard point-of-use water treatment unit

Grabow, W. O. K.; Clay, C. G.; Dhaliwal, Winnie; Vrey, M. A.; Müller, Etienne

doi:10.1016/s0934-8859(99)80005-4

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The unit, named the new-generation Aquaguard POU water treatment unit, could effectively remove all the pathogens tested up to levels of 99.99%, which is well within accepted international norms for POU filters (45).…”

Section: Hybrid Filtrationsupporting

confidence: 57%

Clean Water for Developing Countries

Pandit

Kumar

2015

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

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Availability of safe drinking water, a vital natural resource, is still a distant dream to many around the world, especially in developing countries. Increasing human activity and industrialization have led to a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants entering water bodies and affecting human lives. Efforts to develop efficient, economical, and technologically sound methods to produce clean water for developing countries have increased worldwide. We focus on solar disinfection, filtration, hybrid filtration methods, treatment of harvested rainwater, herbal water disinfection, and arsenic removal technologies. Simple, yet innovative water treatment devices ranging from use of plant xylem as filters, terafilters, and hand pumps to tippy taps designed indigenously are methods mentioned here. By describing the technical aspects of major water disinfection methods relevant for developing countries on medium to small scales and emphasizing their merits, demerits, economics, and scalability, we highlight the current scenario and pave the way for further research and development and scaling up of these processes. This review focuses on clean drinking water, especially for rural populations in developing countries. It describes various water disinfection techniques that are not only economically viable and energy efficient but also employ simple methodologies that are effective in reducing the physical, chemical, and biological pollutants found in drinking water to acceptable limits.

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Section: Hybrid Filtrationsupporting

confidence: 57%

Clean Water for Developing Countries

Pandit

Kumar

2015

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

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“…Laboratory experiments, for instance, with the specific source water and sand from an applied rapid sand filter will also generate useful data. Comparison of the removal of viruses and phages for a point-of-use treatment unit showed (more than) 5 log 10 -units reduction for somatic phages and MS2 coliphages and poliovirus, HAV, adenoviruses, rotaviruses and astrovirus (Grabow et al, 1999).…”

Section: Virus Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 7 Global Supply of Virus-Safe Drinking Water

Husman

Bartram

2007

Human Viruses in Water

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“…Decontamination of water with ultra violet light or large filters has been used on the incoming water supply to the building [54]. Filtration and ultra violet light are more often used at the point-of-use in water coolers and ice machines [55][56][57].…”

Section: Preventing Nosocomial Infections With Water Borne Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Getting Nosocomial Water-Borne Infections from the Main Water Systems in Hospitals

Andersen¹,

Høg²,

Joensen³

2017

JLS

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Drinking water may be a risk factor for human infections if the water supply is contaminated with biofilm producing bacteria such as Legionella pneumophilae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several situations have to be considered when water supply to new buildings is planned. The aim of this paper is to review situations that have to be considered in new buildings and give an example on a new water supply contaminated with biofilm producing water bacteria and the precautions introduced to eliminate the contamination. When new buildings are planned it should be considered where to get the water and what is the microbiological quality of the water. If the water is contaminated there will be troubles from the beginning. The material for the pipes should be considered as biofilm which is produced in greater amounts and faster in PEG pipes than in stainless steel pipes. The choice of material depends on the expected lifetime of the building, the dimensions of the pipes, and the choice of forceps, how often the taps are used and thereby the flow in the system. The higher flow the less and slower biofilm formation. It is important to reduce the number of taps to a minimum to ovoid "dead ends" if they are not or only seldom used. Alternatively all taps could be opened automatically regularly. It is important to establish precautions to ovoid contamination of the water system in the period from when it is established until the building is taken in use. The period can be several months during which the system can act as a "dead end" if no precautions, such as regularly opening of all taps, are taken. The microbiological quality of the water in the system should be controlled before the building is taken in use. In a new building, where the water supply and the water in the building was not controlled before the building was taken in use, extremely high total and Legionella germ counts were found. The water was disinfected with low concentrations of chloride with very little effect. After disinfection with high concentrations of chloride for few hours and placing a sterile filter at the water entrance both the total and Legionella germ count decreased to an acceptable level.

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Elimination of viruses, phages, bacteria and Cryptosporidium by a new generation Aquaguard point-of-use water treatment unit

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Clean Water for Developing Countries

Clean Water for Developing Countries

Chapter 7 Global Supply of Virus-Safe Drinking Water

Risk of Getting Nosocomial Water-Borne Infections from the Main Water Systems in Hospitals

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