ELISA and Copan Based Evaluation and Analysis of Antibiotic Residues in Cattle Milk in Qazvin, Iran

Abstract

Daily consumption of milk containing antibiotic residues has become a great public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic residues in cattle raw milk using Copan milk test and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISÁ) kits. Materials & Methods: In this study, 92 milk samples were collected from Qazvin province, Iran in two seasons during 2019. All the samples were analyzed by the Copan milk test and competitive ELISA kits to evaluate gentamicin, tetracycline, tylosin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, and sulfonamide residues in milk. Findings: The results showed that 45 milk samples (48.91%) were positive for the presence of antibiotic residues. Samples collected in summer were significantly (p<.05) more contaminated with antibiotic residues (30.43%) than those collected in winter (18.47%). The highest mean contamination was related to sulfonamide (13.72±1.21 ng/mL), followed by gentamicin (13.24±2.81 ng/mL) and tylosin (13.15±1.37 ng/mL) residues, and the lowest mean contamination was related to penicillin residues (0.007±0.002 ng/mL). The limit of detection (LOD) was 2, 2.5, 0.02, 8, 0.4, 0.08, and 13 ng/mL for gentamicin, tylosin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethazine, tetracycline, penicillin, and flumequine, respectively. Chloramphenicol residues were above the maximum residue limit (MRL) according to the Codex and European Commission (EC) (0 ng/mL) in all the samples. Sulfonamides residues were above the Codex MRL (25 ng/mL) in 33.33% of the samples. Conclusion:The results shows that monitoring of antibiotic residues in milk and dairy products is necessary. Indeed, examining the amount of antibiotic residues in dairy products could be an important aspect of their monitoring.

The Influence of Chemical Contaminants on the Physicochemical Properties of Unifloral and Multifloral Honey

“…Chloramphenicol and nitrofuran residues in honey can be determined by the ELISA technique, and nitroimidazole residues by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry [57][58][59]. MRLs for nitrofurans and their metabolites analyzed from honey samples are established by the European Union through regulation.…”

Challenges and Obstacles to Dairy Consumption in Iran from Stakeholders’ Perspectives Using a Food System Approach

“…The present study also found that the quality of dairy production is inconsistent, as reflected in studies on quality. Some studies have reported concerns regarding chemical, biological, or physical safety risks, or a reduction in the quality of raw milk or dairy products [44][45][46][47][48][49]; other studies reported production aligning with standards [50][51][52][53]. The inconsistency in dairy production quality is not only related to factors such as season, climate, and production methods [54] but it is also influenced by the unstable macroeconomic situation, sectoral policies, and the monitoring system's structure.…”