Elite soccer athlete's sleep: A literature review

Silva, Aldo C.; Amaral, Adriana Souza; Guerreiro, Renato; Silva, Andressa; De-Mello, Marco Túlio; DaSilva, Sérgio G.; Rechenchosky, Leandro; Rinaldi, Wilson

doi:10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100373

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the particular case of soccer players, different situations and conditions may influence the quality and duration of sleep (e.g., timing of competition, travel, sleep routines, changes in training environment) [7][8][9]. As an example, players often report the worst sleep quality on competition days due to a number of reasons, e.g., arousal and subjective alertness [10]. Moreover, heavy training demands can also disturb sleep quality, especially in young players [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Quality and Training Intensity in Soccer Players: Exploring Weekly Variations and Relationships

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was twofold: it (i) analyzed the weekly variations of sleep quality and training intensity of youth soccer players and (ii) analyzed the relationships between sleep quality and training intensity. This study followed an observational design. Twenty men youth players (age: 18.81 ± 0.41 years) were monitored daily over two weeks for sleep quality and training intensity. Sleep quality was measured daily using the 15-item consensus sleep diary. The training intensity was measured daily using the CR-10 Borg’s scale as a measure of rate of perceived exertion (RPE); a heart rate (HR) sensor was used to measure minimum, average and peak; a global positioning system (GPS) was used for measuring the total distance covered and distances covered at different speed thresholds. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the weekly variations of sleep quality and training intensity. The Pearson correlation test was executed to analyze the relationships between sleep quality and training intensity. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant within-week variations in sleep duration (hours) (p = 0.043), quality of sleep (p = 0.035), RPE (p = 0.007), session-RPE (p = 0.011), HRminimum (p = 0.027), HRpeak (p = 0.005), total distance (p < 0.001), pace (p < 0.002), distance covered at 3.00–6.99 km/h (p < 0.001), distance covered at 7.00–10.99 km/h (p < 0.001), distance covered at 11.00–14.99 km/h (p < 0.001), distance covered at 15.00–18.99 km/h (p < 0.001) and distance covered at >19.00 km/h (p < 0.001). Significant small correlations were found between sleep duration before training and session-RPE (r = 0.252), total distance (r = 0.205), distance covered at 3.00–6.99 km/h (r = 0.209) and distance covered at 7.00–10.99 km/h (r = 0.265). Significant small correlations were found between session-RPE and sleep duration after (r = 0.233), total distance and quality of sleep after (r = 0.198), distance at 3.00–6.99 km/h and quality of sleep after training (r = 0.220), distance covered at >19.00 km/h and quality of sleep after training (r = 0.286), session duration and rested feeling after training (r = 0.227), total distance and rested feeling after training (r = 0.202), distance covered at 11.00–14.99 km/h and rested feeling after training (r = 0.222) and distance covered at >19.00 km/h and rested feeling after training (r = 0.214). In conclusion, sleep duration was longer in the training sessions during the middle of the week; the training intensity was also greater (485.8 ± 56.8 A.U.). Moreover, sleep outcomes after training were slightly correlated with both physiological and locomotor demands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Quality and Training Intensity in Soccer Players: Exploring Weekly Variations and Relationships

et al. 2022

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“…Sleep emerges as a crucial factor in this balance, serving essential psychological and physiological functions [ 5 , 6 ]. Despite its importance, elite football players often struggle to obtain sufficient and good-quality sleep due to various factors such as late kick-off times, caffeine consumption, and irregular sleep schedules [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of Elite Female Football Players’ Training Loads and Sleep Variations

Gjertsås,

Moen,

Pettersen

2024

Sports

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The current study investigated the associations between female football players’ training loads and their sleep variations. The sample included 21 female elite football players from a Norwegian top-league club with a mean age of 24 years (±2.8). Sleep duration, sleep quality, and training load were monitored every day over 273 consecutive days with a Somnofy sleep monitor based on ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse radar and Doppler technology, and a FIFA-approved STATSports APEX 10 Hz GPS tracking system monitoring players’ training loads. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to investigate the relationships between the players’ training loads and sleep. It was revealed that very high training loads were associated with reduced time in bed (p = 0.005), total sleep time (p = 0.044)), and rapid eye movement (p < 0.001). The present findings show that the female football players’ sleep was disrupted when the training load, based on total distance (TDI), was very high. It appears to be a point where their sleep is somewhat consistent through low, medium, and high training loads, but with disrupted sleep when the training load reaches a very high level. Considering the reduced TIB after a very high training load, there should be suggested strategies to improve their sleep, such as extended TIB, to aid in longer TST and improved recovery.

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“…Thus, to maintain and further develop the elite football players’ performance, they need optimal recovery to compensate for the physical and mental load ( Bird, 2013 ; Smith et al, 2018 ). Studies show that sleep is disturbed on the nights close to game nights and game days in football are also found to reduce sleep quantity and quality ( Fullagar et al, 2016 ; Roberts et al, 2019 ; Moen et al, 2021 ; Silva et al, 2022 ). Even though evening football games are found to have a negative effect on sleep ( Sargent and Roach, 2016 ; Lastella et al, 2018 ; Nédélec et al, 2019 ), studies also claim that the game itself affect sleep more than the starting hour of the game ( Lalor et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of bio-electro-magnetic-energy-regulation therapy on sleep duration and sleep quality among elite players in Norwegian women’s football

Moen,

Pettersen,

Gjertsås

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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The current study investigated if physical loads peak on game days and if Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy is affecting sleep duration and sleep quality on nights related to game nights among elite players in Norwegian women’s elite football. The sample included 21 female football players from an elite top series club with a mean age of ~24 years (± 2.8). Sleep was measured every day over a period of 273 consecutive days with a Somnofy sleep monitor based on ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse radar and Doppler technology. The current study was conducted as a quasi-experiment, where each player was their own control based on a control period that lasted for 3 months, and an experimental period that lasted for 5 months. Accordantly, the time each player spent with BEMER therapy was used as a control variable. Multivariate analyses of variance using FFMANOVA and univariate ANOVA with False Discovery Rate adjusted p-values show that physical performance (total distance, distance per minute, sprint meters >22.5 kmh, accelerations and decelerations) significantly peak on game day compared with ordinary training days and days related to game days. The results also show that sleep quantity and quality are significantly reduced on game night, which indicate disturbed sleep caused by the peak in physical load. Most sleep variables significantly increased in the experiment period, where BEMER therapy was used, compared to the control period before the introduction of BEMER therapy. Further, the analyses show that players who spent BEMER therapy >440 h had the most positive effects on their sleep, and that these effects were significantly compared to the players who used BEMER therapy <440 h. The findings are discussed based on the function of sleep and the different sleep stages have on recovery.

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Elite soccer athlete's sleep: A literature review

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Sleep Quality and Training Intensity in Soccer Players: Exploring Weekly Variations and Relationships

Sleep Quality and Training Intensity in Soccer Players: Exploring Weekly Variations and Relationships

Aspects of Elite Female Football Players’ Training Loads and Sleep Variations

The effect of bio-electro-magnetic-energy-regulation therapy on sleep duration and sleep quality among elite players in Norwegian women’s football

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