2015
DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.1017
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Elk resource selection at parturition sites, Black Hills, South Dakota

Abstract: We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314-km 2 and 7-km 2 ) and fine (0.2-ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota, 2011, following a period of population decline and poor calf recruitment. Our objective was to test whether female elk selected parturition sites across spatial scales in association with forage, terrain ruggedness, road density, or hiding and security cover. At coarse scales in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with greater proportion… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(53 citation statements)
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“…All captured calves were 7 d old and still using a hiding strategy in response to perceived threats; therefore, we required only physical restraint when handling animals. We observed no evidence that any of the captured calves were at their actual parturition sites; these locations lacked placental material with blood, cleared vegetation, strong odors, or moist soils (Lehman et al 2016;Larkin, personal observation). Elk calves begin to transition from a hiding strategy to a fleeing strategy in response to perceived danger between the ages of 5 and 20 d (Johnson 1951;Geist 2002).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 83%
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“…All captured calves were 7 d old and still using a hiding strategy in response to perceived threats; therefore, we required only physical restraint when handling animals. We observed no evidence that any of the captured calves were at their actual parturition sites; these locations lacked placental material with blood, cleared vegetation, strong odors, or moist soils (Lehman et al 2016;Larkin, personal observation). Elk calves begin to transition from a hiding strategy to a fleeing strategy in response to perceived danger between the ages of 5 and 20 d (Johnson 1951;Geist 2002).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…Several authors describe cover as a key component of rearing young for several ungulate species, including elk (Millspaugh et al 1998;Stillings 1999;Tull et al 2001;Lehman et al 2016). Early in life, elk calves are a ''hiding'' species and as such, concealing cover enhances this antipredator strategy (Alldredge et al 1991).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Recently (2013–2015) in northeastern Minnesota, USA, few calf mortalities were observed at calving sites (Severud et al ), similar to observations elsewhere (Bubenik ). Moose and elk ( Cervus canadensis ) may use anthropogenic features as shields against predators, calving near roads or campsites that predators often avoid (Edwards , Lehman et al ). Moose calving sites have been associated with increased elevation, steeper slopes, and lower tree density, characteristics that may allow earlier detection of predators (Addison et al , Wilton and Garner , Bowyer et al , Poole et al ).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%