Ellagic acid production by solid-state fermentation influenced by the inert solid supports

Abstract

Ellagic acid and ellagitannins are defense phytochemicals and dietary polyphenols found in fruits and nuts and implicated with strong antioxidant, anticancer and antiatherosclerotic biological properties. Unfortunately, there are few reports on the bioconversion studies from ellagitannins to ellagic acid. The objective of the present work was to use of partially purified ellagitannins from pomegranate peels as inducers for production of ellagic acid by Aspergillus niger GH1 in solid-state fermentation on inert supports (perlite, polyurethane foam and nylon fiber). For total pomegranate polyphenols (TPP), two methodologies were compared. Higher recovery of TTP (70 g kg-1 peel) in a short time (2 h) were obtained by filtering through a muslin cloth followed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 min. Production of ellagic acid and ellagitannase enzyme were evaluated. Maximum ellagic acid production (231.22 mg g-1 TPP) at 24 h cultivation with an ellagitannase activity of 3213 U L-1 was obtained when using polyurethane foam as inert support. Polyurethane foam was the best solid support to produce high yields of ellagic acid production.

Pomegranate peel polyphenols as an antioxidant additive for the development and characterization of a new active pectin edible film

“…Kushwaha et al (2015) performed an extraction using pomegranate peel of a different variety (Baghwa) using a mixture of ethanol and acetone to separate the PPP from the sugars present in the extract, resulting in a yield of 3.8%. Buenrostro‐Figueroa et al (2018) in their extraction process they obtained a yield of 7%, in the present work the same methodology was used as in that study, however, the results are lower. These variations present in the above results may be due to different factors such as the growing conditions of the fruit, the variety of the pomegranate, the type and extraction conditions such as the polarity of the solvents used, time and temperature (Akhtar et al, 2015; Živković et al, 2018).…”

“…These variations present in the above results may be due to different factors such as the growing conditions of the fruit, the variety of the pomegranate, the type and extraction conditions such as the polarity of the solvents used, time and temperature (Akhtar et al, 2015; Živković et al, 2018). Buenrostro‐Figueroa et al (2018) mentions that in the extraction process, extract can be lost with filter changes, thus decreasing the recovery performance.…”

“…Its widespread usage in the industrial sector generates waste, the most significant of which is the peel, which contains a large number of compounds with biotechnological significance, and since this substance is typically discarded and treated as waste, a good alternative is to use it as a source of bioactive compounds (Guan et al, 2014; Kazemi et al, 2016). Pomegranate is high in polyphenolic compounds, including ellagitannins such as punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, and its derivates (Buenrostro‐Figueroa et al 2018); these compounds found in pomegranate peel have a variety of effects, including antioxidant activity (Aguilar‐Zárate et al, 2017).…”

Ellagitannins from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and their potential use in the food industry

“…Also, E. camaldulensis have terpenes and terpenoids [23] commonly present in EOs, which possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-allergic and anticancer activities [24]. Apart from that, ellagitannins have only been found in parts such as leaves [17,25,26] in bark and wood [27,28] as well as in seeds [29] but there have not been many recent reports where ellagitannins are present in E. camaldulensis. EOs have been recovered from bark, buds, flowers, fruits, leaves, husks, or roots, however, the yield of these is low and the use of solvents such as petroleum ether, ether, and hexane among others is necessary [24], unlike oils, ellagitannins can be recovered with ethanol, methanol, and aqueous mixtures.…”