Ellagitannins, Flavonoids, and Other Phenolics in Red Raspberries and Their Contribution to Antioxidant Capacity and Vasorelaxation Properties

Mullen, William; McGinn, J.S.; Lean, Michael E. J.; MacLean, Margaret R.; Gardner, Peter T.; Duthie, Garry G.; Yokota, Takoa; Crozier, Alan

doi:10.1021/jf020140n

Cited by 326 publications

(323 citation statements)

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“…Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are a rich source of polyphenolic compounds, the main components being anthocyanins and ellagitannins [1]. There is growing evidence linking consumption of these compounds with beneficial effects on human health: anthocyanins, such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, have cardioprotective effects [2], while ellagitannins exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins

Ludwig

Mena

Calani

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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167

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Abbreviations:ADME, absorption, disposition, metabolism and excretion; C max, peak plasma concentration; 2 CID, collision-induced dissociation; ESI, electrospray interface; GIT, gastrointestinal tract; PDA, photodiode array; T max, time to reach peak plasma concentration; UHPLC-MS; ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 3 ABSTRACT Red raspberries, containing ellagitannins and cyanidin-based anthocyanins, were fed to volunteers and metabolites appearing in plasma and urine were analysed by UHPLC-MS. Anthocyanins were not absorbed to any extent with sub nmol/L concentrations of cyanidin-3-glucoside and a cyanidin-Oglucuronide appearing transiently in plasma. Anthocyanins excreted in urine corresponded to 0.007% of intake. More substantial amounts of phase II metabolites of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid, along with 4′-hydroxyhippuric acid, potentially originating from pH-mediated degradation of cyanidin in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, appeared in urine and also plasma where peak concentrations were attained 1-1.5 h after raspberry intake. Excretion of 18 anthocyanin-derived metabolites corresponded to 15.0% of intake, a figure substantially higher than obtained in other anthocyanin feeding studies. Ellagitannins pass from the small to the large intestine where the colonic microbiota mediate their conversion to urolithins A and B which appeared in plasma and were excreted almost exclusively as sulfate and glucuronide metabolites. The urolithin metabolites persisted in the circulatory system and were excreted in urine for much longer periods of time than the anthocyanin metabolites although their overall urinary recovery was lower at 7.0% of intake. It is events originating in the proximal and distal gastrointestinal tract, and subsequent phase II metabolism, that play an important role in the bioavailability of both anthocyanins and ellagitannins and it is their metabolites which appear in the circulatory system, that are key to elucidating the mode of action(s) underlying the protective effects of these compounds on human health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins

Ludwig

Mena

Calani

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Self Cite

167

134

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“…This study concludes that differences in the amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins after the microfiltration could alter the antioxidant capacity but do not alter the capacity to protect against lipid peroxidation. Mullen et al (2002) evaluated changes in polyphenols quantity due to industrial process with similar results to our study. Mullen's study in raspberries evaluates the effect of short-term treatments, such as storage and freezing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Both types of molecules were associated as main contributors to the antioxidant capacity in another berry Rubus idaeus L., Rosaceae, (Mullen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the microfiltration process on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation protection capacity of blackberry juice

Azofeifa¹,

Quesada²,

Pérez³

2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Phytochemicals are highly concentrated in berries, especially polyphenols as anthocyanins and ellagitannins. These compounds have been associated with antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation protection, anti-inflammatory activity, anticarcinogenic activity, obesity prevention and others. Blackberries are commonly grown and consumed as juice in Latin-American countries. However, blackberry juice is easily fermented and different industrial techniques are being applied to enable the juice to be stored for longer periods. One important issue required for these techniques is to preserve the health-promoting capacities of blackberries. This study compared the antioxidant activity and the lipid peroxidation protector effect between a fresh blackberry juice (FJ) and a microfiltrated blackberry juice (MJ). Chemical analysis of both juices show less polyphenols concentration in the MJ. Despite this difference, values for biological activities, such as protection of lipid peroxidation, was not significantly different between FJ and MJ. These results suggest that the compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity are maintained even after microfiltration and the free radical scavenging capacity of these compounds could protect the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Microfiltration could be used as an industrial technique to produce blackberry juice that maintains biological activities of polyphenols.

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“…These tannins are known to exhibit good antioxidant and vasorelaxation activity [15]. Other monomeric phenolics like gallic acid and ethyl gallate that are enhanced in final processed formulation also exhibit high antioxidant activity.…”

Section: Tabmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC Analysis and Standardization of Arjunarishta – An Ayurvedic Cardioprotective Formulation

Lal

2009

Sci. Pharm.

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Arjunarishta (Parthadyarishta) is an important Ayurvedic formulation used for cardiovascular disorders and is prepared by fermenting the decoction of specified plant materials using flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa. In present communication, an HPLC-PDA method was developed for the standardization of Arjunarishta by quantitative estimation of major antioxidant compounds, ellagic acid, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, quercetin and kaempferol as markers. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The HPLC analysis showed an increase in amount of ellagic acid and gallic acid during preparation, i.e. decoction vs formulation. A similar increase in free radical scavenging activity of formulation vs decoction was also observed. Arjunolic acid and arjunic acid were not detected in the formulation.

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Ellagitannins, Flavonoids, and Other Phenolics in Red Raspberries and Their Contribution to Antioxidant Capacity and Vasorelaxation Properties

Cited by 326 publications

References 22 publications

New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins

New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins

Effect of the microfiltration process on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation protection capacity of blackberry juice

HPLC Analysis and Standardization of Arjunarishta – An Ayurvedic Cardioprotective Formulation

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