Elongation and Desaturation of Fatty Acids are Critical in Growth, Lipid Metabolism and Ontogeny of Caenorhabditis elegans

Horikawa, Makoto; Nomura, Toshihisa; Hashimoto, Teppei; Sakamoto, Kazuichi

doi:10.1093/jb/mvn055

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the same way, b-oxidization was induced and weight was not changed by feeding the high fat food in mouse that lacked D9 stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) (Dobrzyn et al 2005). It has been reported that the fat-7 expression decreases in sbp-1 knockdown worms and that egg-laying activity is reduced in sbp-1 knockdown worms [33,38]. Our observations correspond with these findings.…”

Section: Sbp-1 Regulates the Phenotype Of C Eleganssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Caenorhabditis elegans produces three D9 desaturases (fat-5, fat-6, and fat-7), as well as D3, D5, D6, and D12 desaturases; thus, it can produce multiple kinds of fatty acids [34][35][36][37][38]. By contrast, mammals lack D3 and D12 desaturases, which prevents them from producing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) endogenously and makes it necessary for them to obtain PUFAs from food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated by SREBP homolog SBP-1

et al. 2009

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Research into the metabolism of fats may reveal potential targets for developing pharmaceutical approaches to obesity and related disorders. Such research may be limited, however, by the cost and time involved in using mammalian subjects or developing suitable cell lines. To determine whether invertebrates could be used to carry out such research more efficiently, we investigated the ability of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to accumulate body fat following the consumption of excess calories and the mechanisms it uses to metabolize fat. C. elegans worms were grown on media containing various sugars and monitored for changes in body fat and expression of sbp-1, a homolog of the mammalian transcription factor SREBP-1c, which facilitates fat storage in mammals. The fat content increased markedly in worms exposed to glucose. In situ analysis of gene expression in transgenic worms carrying the GFP-labeled promoter region of sbp-1 revealed that sbp-1 mRNA was strongly expressed in the intestine. An sbp-1 knockdown caused a reduction in body size, fat storage, and egg-laying activity. RT-PCR analysis revealed a considerable decrease in the expression of fatty acid synthetic genes (including elo-2, fat-2, and fat-5) and a considerable increase of starvation-inducible gene acs-2. Normal egg-laying activity and acs-2 expression were restored on exposure to a polyunsaturated fatty acid. These findings suggest that SBP-1 and SREBP regulate the amount and composition of fat and response to starvation in a similar manner. Thus, C. elegans may be an appropriate subject for studying the metabolism of fats.

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Section: Sbp-1 Regulates the Phenotype Of C Eleganssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated by SREBP homolog SBP-1

et al. 2009

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“…After 72 hrs culture, worms were collected, treated with 0.2% PFA solution, and observed under a fluorescence microscope (DMRXA, Leica) with N3 filter (565 nm, Leica) (Ashrafi et al 2003;Horikawa et al, 2008).…”

Section: Nile Red Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans mediated by sir-2.1 and daf-16

et al. 2009

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It is well understood that sir2 (sirtuin), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, is essential for the extension of lifespan under caloric restriction. However, the mechanism underlying activation of sir2 is unclear. Life extension through caloric restriction requires the sir2 ortholog sir-2.1 in nematodes but occurs independently of the forkhead-type transcription factor DAF-16. We aimed here to elucidate the correlation between life extension in nematodes and NAD-dependent activation of sirtuin by analyzing the relationship between NAD and DAF-16.Lifespan was extended when C. elegans were bred using medium containing NAD. An RNA interference experiment revealed that life extension by NAD was sir-2.1 dependent. However, life extension by NAD did not occur in daf-16-RNAi nematodes, suggesting that NAD-dependent longevity requires daf-16. This result suggested that different signaling pathways are involved in life extension resulting from caloric restriction and from NAD addition.Expression of sod-3, a target gene of daf-16, and increased oxidative-stress resistance and adiposity were observed in response to NAD addition, indicating that NAD activated daf-16 in each phenotype. These results suggest that NAD affected lifespan through the activation of SIR-2.1 and DAF-16 along a signaling pathway, namely insulin-like signalling pathway (at least parts of it), different from that associated with caloric restriction.

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“…Simultaneously, the addition of the herbal extracts reduced fat accumulation in a dose-dependent manner [ Figure 1]. Nile red staining is the standard method for lipid detection in nematodes, [1] but it does not exclusively detect neutral lipids. Therefore, it is not clear whether the herbal extracts affected lipid synthesis, accumulation, or digestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. elegans has been frequently used as a human model organism because its whole genome has been determined, various genetic mutants are available, and many genetic manipulation techniques, such as gene transfer, are established. [1,2] Furthermore, it is easy to culture, and it is also possible to ensure substance intake by culturing with Escherichia coli as feed and using culture media mixed with certain external reagents. We have used C. elegans as a model animal for the assessment of bioactivity of phytochemicals and other agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of an herbal extract mixture containing Acanthopanax senticosus Harms on the development, reproduction, and lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans

Sakamoto¹,

Hano²

2011

J Nat Pharm

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Background: Although the physiological and pharmacological effects of various phytochemicals have been identifi ed, they have not been confi rmed by scientifi c evaluation. Materials and Methods: Age-synchronized nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) were bred with the herbal extracts mixture (Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, Platycodon grandifl orus, Curcuma longa L., Lagerstroemia speciosa, and Taraxacum), and the effects on development, reproduction, and lipid metabolism were analyzed. Results: Nile red staining revealed that fat levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. The herbal extracts mixture affected egg laying, and the number of eggs laid increased because of the 5 mg/ml herbal extract. The herbal extracts disturbed the viability of the nematodes, and the extracts delayed development and reduced body size in a dose-dependent manner. Body movement analysis demonstrated that the high-dose (50 mg/ml) extract activated thrashing movements, while the low-dose extract had no effect. Conclusion: The herbal extracts signifi cantly affected development, reproduction, movement, and lipid metabolism of the nematodes.Cite this article as: Hano H, Sakamoto K. Physiological effects of an herbal extract mixture containing Acanthopanax senticosus Harms on the development, reproduction, and lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans.

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Elongation and Desaturation of Fatty Acids are Critical in Growth, Lipid Metabolism and Ontogeny of Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

Fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated by SREBP homolog SBP-1

Fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated by SREBP homolog SBP-1

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans mediated by sir-2.1 and daf-16

Physiological effects of an herbal extract mixture containing Acanthopanax senticosus Harms on the development, reproduction, and lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans

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