Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract

In this paper, the confusion of the sources of medicinal materials was briefly expounded, and the differences among the varieties were pointed out. At the same time, the chemical components and pharmacological properties of Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland (E.ciliata) were reviewed. The structures of 352 compounds that have been identified are listed. These mainly include flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and other chemical components. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiviral, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, analgesic, antiarrhythmic, antitumor, antiacetylcholinesterase, and immunoregulator activities. At present, there are many researches using essential oil and alcohol extract, and the researches on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and other pharmacological activities are relatively mature. This paper aims to summarize the existing research, update the research progress regarding the phytochemicals and pharmacology of E. ciliate, and to provide convenience for subsequent research.

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Elsholtzia ciliate essential oil against halitosis-related Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis

“…In the crude extracts of E. ciliate (Thunb. ), more than 350 compounds have been identified, including monoterpenes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids ( Wang et al, 2022 ). ECO mainly consists of small-molecule compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes ( Chen S. et al, 2022 ).…”

“…In the practice of traditional Chinese medicine, it is commonly used for heatstroke, chest tightness, halitosis, acute gastroenteritis, etc. ( Hou and Jiang, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). E. ciliata contains many volatile essential oils to produce a strong aroma, of which the main components are terpenoids and phenolic compounds, with the highest content being monoterpenoids ( Pudziuvelyte et al, 2020 ).…”

“…E. ciliata essential oil shows a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhi , Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus aureus , and Lactobacillus spp. ( Wang et al, 2022 ). Up to date, there is limited research on the inhibitory and bactericidal activities of E. ciliata essential oil against bad breath-related bacteria, with only a small amount of research focusing on the optimization of its extraction process and the elucidation of its chemical compositions ( Pudziuvelyte et al, 2020 ).…”

New Light on Plants and Their Chemical Compounds Used in Polish Folk Medicine to Treat Urinary Diseases

“…Elsholtzia ciliata is widely distributed throughout Korea, China, and Europe. In Poland, it grows mainly in the eastern regions [ 97 , 98 ]. An in vivo study found that ethanol extract from this plant inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction.…”

Bioactivities and Synergistic Effect of Elsholtzia ciliata Essential Oil and Its Main Components against Lasioderma serricorne

“…R-carvone is the active ingredient in E. ciliate essent against Liposcelis bostrychophila. The LC50 of contact toxicity was 57.0 µg/cm 2 , a fumigant toxicity was 417.4 mg/L, respectively [23]. Thus, it is also necessary to i the insecticidal activity of compounds in the E. ciliata essential oil against L. serrico Some studies have shown that E. ciliata has an insecticidal effect [17].…”