Elucidating mechanisms underlying organ abscission

Estornell, Leandro H.; Agustí, Javier; Merelo, Paz; Talón, Manuel; Tadeo, Francisco R.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.10.008

Cited by 246 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…This phenomenon is first of all connected with plant reproduction, protection mechanisms, and getting rid of organs which have lost their function. The abscission process takes place in the specialized abscission zone, which forms at a place and time characteristic of particular plant species [3]. As we previously showed, the floral abscission zone in L. luteus is located at the base of the pedicel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Not all of the results obtained so far in respect of ET role in regulating flower abscission are explicit. Analyses of A. thaliana (etr1-1, ein2) and S. lycopersicum (Nr) mutants show that ET determines the organ abortion time [3]. There are also such mutants as Sletr1-2 (S. lycopersicum) and dab (A. thaliana), which are characterized by normal sensitivity to ET and that do not abort organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the level of the inflorescence, between 50 and 90% of all the flowers set are abscised [1,2]. Flower abscission takes place in the abscission zone (AZ), which is located at the base of the pedicel, while this process is related to anatomical and physiological changes coordinated by phytohormones [3,4]. Ethylene (ET) is one of the strongest organ abscission stimulators, as it regulates the function of hydrolytic enzymes (polygalacturonases, peroxidases, esterases, expansins) and, therefore, controls the activation of the cells within separation layer in the AZ [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylene-dependent effects on generative organ abscission of Lupinus luteus

et al. 2017

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The abscission of certain organs from the plant is part of the fulfilment of its developmental programs. The separation process occurs in a specialized abscission zone usually formed at the base of detached organ. The changing level of phytohormones, particularly ethylene, is the element responsible for coordinating anatomical and physiological transformation that accompanies organ abscission. The application of ethylene (ET) on Lupinus luteus stimulates flower abortion. However, the treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) -direct ET precursor -does not cause such a strong physiological response. In turn, when applied on the pedicels both ET biosynthesis (2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine; AVG) and action (norbornadiene; NBD) inhibitors reversed the stimulatory effect of ET on generative organ separation. In order to determine ET role in the flower abscission process in L. luteus, we identified the sequences coding for synthase (LlACS) and oxidase (LlACO) of ACC and measured their expression levels. Abscission zone activation is accompanied by a considerable increase both in LlACS and LlACO cDNAs and also ACC content, which is specifically localized in the dividing cells at the base of the flower being detached. Obtained results suggest that ET is a strong stimulator of flower abortion in L. luteus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylene-dependent effects on generative organ abscission of Lupinus luteus

et al. 2017

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“…While easy shattering causes a loss of seeds before harvest, nonshattering leads to difficulties when that grain is being threshed (Ji et al, 2010). Seed dispersal is affected by the development of the abscission zone (AZ) and lignification (Lewis et al, 2006;Estornell et al, 2013;Dong et al, 2014;Dong and Wang, 2015). Differentiated AZ cells are smaller and isodiametrically compacted when compared with the surrounding cells (Zhou et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

KNOX Protein OSH15 Induces Grain Shattering by Repressing Lignin Biosynthesis Genes

et al. 2017

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Seed shattering is an agronomically important trait. Two major domestication factors are responsible for this: qSH1 and SH5. Whereas qSH1 functions in cell differentiation in the abscission zone (AZ), a major role of SH5 is the repression of lignin deposition. We have determined that a KNOX protein, OSH15, also controls seed shattering. Knockdown mutations of OSH15 showed reduced seed-shattering phenotypes. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that OSH15 interacts with SH5 and qSH1, two proteins in the BELL homeobox family. In transgenic plants carrying the OSH15 promoter-GUS reporter construct, the reporter gene was preferentially expressed in the AZ during young spikelet development. The RNA in situ hybridization experiment also showed that OSH15 messenger RNAs were abundant in the AZ during spikelet development. Analyses of osh15 SH5-D double mutants showed that SH5 could not increase the degree of seed shattering when OSH15 was absent, indicating that SH5 functions together with OSH15. In addition to the seedshattering phenotype, osh15 mutants displayed dwarfism and accumulated a higher amount of lignin in internodes due to increased expression of the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Knockout mutations of CAD2, which encodes an enzyme for the last step in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway, caused an easy seed-shattering phenotype by reducing lignin deposition in the AZ. This indicated that the lignin level is an important determinant of seed shattering in rice (Oryza sativa). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that both OSH15 and SH5 interact directly with CAD2 chromatin. We conclude that OSH15 and SH5 form a dimer that enhances seed shattering by directly inhibiting lignin biosynthesis genes.

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“…This usage is widespread, although it is somewhat confusing in that the seed itself does not shatter into pieces, but is the separation of the seed from the maternal plant. Specifically, shattering in cereal crops occurs in a layer of specialized cells, collectively called the abscission zone, between pedicel and lemma [72]. Studies aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms of shattering in cereal crops have been mainly focused on rice, wheat, and sorghum [14,15,17,19].…”

Section: A Shattering In Cereal Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pod Shattering: A Homologous Series of Variation Underlying Domestication and an Avenue for Crop Improvement

Ogutcen¹,

Pandey²,

Khan³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In wild habitats, fruit dehiscence is a critical strategy for seed dispersal; however, in cultivated crops it is one of the major sources of yield loss. Therefore, indehiscence of fruits, pods, etc., was likely to be one of the first traits strongly selected in crop domestication. Even with the historical selection against dehiscence in early domesticates, it is a trait still targeted in many breeding programs, particularly in minor or underutilized crops. Here, we review of this trait in pulse (grain legume) crops, which are of growing importance as a source of protein in human and livestock diets, and which have received less attention iii) the molecular pathways underlying this important trait, iv) an overview of the extent of crop losses due to shattering, and the effects of environmental factors on shattering, and, v) efforts to reduce shattering in crops. While our focus is mainly pulse crops, we also included comparisons to crucifers and cereals because there is extensive research on shattering in these taxa.

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Elucidating mechanisms underlying organ abscission

Cited by 246 publications

References 163 publications

Ethylene-dependent effects on generative organ abscission of Lupinus luteus

Ethylene-dependent effects on generative organ abscission of Lupinus luteus

KNOX Protein OSH15 Induces Grain Shattering by Repressing Lignin Biosynthesis Genes

Pod Shattering: A Homologous Series of Variation Underlying Domestication and an Avenue for Crop Improvement

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