Elucidating satisfaction with physical activity: An examination of the day-to-day associations between experiences with physical activity and satisfaction during physical activity initiation

Baldwin, Austin S.; Baldwin, Scott A.; Loehr, Valerie-Ruth Golez; Kangas, Julie L.; Frierson, Georita Marie

doi:10.1080/08870446.2013.822078

Cited by 25 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These subconscious associations could in turn be the underlying reason for explicit, affective attitudes ( Bluemke et al, 2010 ). To review alternative effect mechanisms, it is necessary to include further motivational constructs in future examinations [e.g., self-efficacy ( Kwan and Bryan, 2010 ; Schneider and Kwan, 2013 ); affective outcome expectancies and satisfaction ( Baldwin et al, 2013 ; Loehr et al, 2014 )]. In doing so, one could further elaborate on the potential of affective predictors of the adoption and maintenance of physical exercises in comparison to other motivational and volitional predictors of behavior, which were already established in other studies [e.g., outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, intention ( Gellert et al, 2012 ); intention ( Mohiyeddini et al, 2009 ); outcome expectancies, fulfillment of outcome expectancies, action self-efficacy, ( Klusmann et al, 2016 )].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychological and physical experiences appear to be especially relevant for the longer-term maintenance of exercise behavior ( Rothman, 2000 ). There is some initial empirical support that positive exercise experiences influence subsequent affective outcome expectancies ( Loehr et al, 2014 ) or satisfaction with the exercise behavior ( Fleig et al, 2011 ; Baldwin et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, exercise experiences were measured retrospectively—for example, concerning the period of the last few weeks ( Fleig et al, 2011 ; Parschau et al, 2013 ). Moreover, in some diary studies exercise experiences were recorded on a weekly basis ( Loehr et al, 2014 ) or on a daily basis ( Baldwin et al, 2013 ). The latter studies revealed that it is especially worthwhile to assess exercise experiences as close as possible to the actual activities in order to gain insights into their specific qualities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Experiences and Changes in Affective Attitude: Direct and Indirect Effects of In Situ Measurements of Experiences

2016

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between exercise experiences (perceptions of competence, perceived exertion, acute affective responses to exercise) and affective attitudes toward exercise. This relationship was analyzed in a non-laboratory setting during a 13-weeks exercise program.Materials and Methods: 56 women and 49 men (aged 35–65 years; Mage = 50.0 years; SD = 8.2 years) took part in the longitudinal study. Affective responses to exercise (affective valence, positive activation, calmness) as well as perceptions of competence and perceived exertion were measured at the beginning, during, and end of three exercise sessions within the 13-weeks exercise program. Affective attitude toward exercise were measured before and at the end of the exercise program. A two-level path analysis was conducted. The direct and indirect effects of exercise experiences on changes in affective attitude were analyzed on the between-person level: firstly, it was tested whether perceptions of competence and perceived exertion directly relate to changes in affective attitude. Secondly, it was assessed whether perceptions of competence and perceived exertion indirectly relate to changes in affective attitudes—imparted via the affective response during exercise.Results and Conclusion: At the between-person level, a direct effect on changes in affective attitude was found for perceptions of competence (β = 0.24, p < 0.05). The model revealed one significant indirect pathway between perceived exertion and changes in affective attitude via positive activation: on average, the less strenuous people perceive physical exercise to be, the more awake they will feel during exercise (β = -0.57, p < 0.05). Those people with higher average levels of positive activation during exercise exhibit more improvements in affective attitudes toward exercise from the beginning to the end of the 13-weeks exercise program (β = 0.24, p < 0.05).Main study results have revealed that in situ experiences predicted changes in affective attitude during multi-week exercise programs. These relevant in situ experiences encompass cognitive factors, the sensation of interoceptive cues, and affective responses to exercise. Considering the predictive role of affective attitudes for exercise behavior, these findings suggest that exercise interventions should put greater emphasis on specific exercise experiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Experiences and Changes in Affective Attitude: Direct and Indirect Effects of In Situ Measurements of Experiences

2016

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“…However, in the past 10–20 years there has been greater attention to affective processes among PA promotion researchers (Ekkekakis, 2003; Ekkekakis et al, 2005; Kiviniemi et al, 2007; Rhodes et al, 2007, 2009; Williams et al, 2008, 2012; Schneider et al, 2009; Kwan and Bryan, 2010a,b; Conner et al, 2011; Rose and Parfitt, 2012; Baldwin et al, 2013). Much of this research has focused on the way people feel in response to intentional exercise—a form of PA performed for the purposes of health and fitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exercise–Affect–Adherence Pathway: An Evolutionary Perspective

2016

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The low rates of regular exercise and overall physical activity (PA) in the general population represent a significant public health challenge. Previous research suggests that, for many people, exercise leads to a negative affective response and, in turn, reduced likelihood of future exercise. The purpose of this paper is to examine this exercise–affect–adherence relationship from an evolutionary perspective. Specifically, we argue that low rates of physical exercise in the general population are a function of the evolved human tendency to avoid unnecessary physical exertion. This innate tendency evolved because it allowed our evolutionary ancestors to conserve energy for physical activities that had immediate adaptive utility such as pursuing prey, escaping predators, and engaging in social and reproductive behaviors. The commonly observed negative affective response to exercise is an evolved proximate psychological mechanism through which humans avoid unnecessary energy expenditure. The fact that the human tendencies toward negative affective response to and avoidance of unnecessary physical activities are innate does not mean that they are unchangeable. Indeed, it is only because of human-engineered changes in our environmental conditions (i.e., it is no longer necessary for us to work for our food) that our predisposition to avoid unnecessary physical exertion has become a liability. Thus, it is well within our capabilities to reengineer our environments to once again make PA necessary or, at least, to serve an immediate functional purpose. We propose a two-pronged approach to PA promotion based on this evolutionary functional perspective: first, to promote exercise and other physical activities that are perceived to have an immediate purpose, and second, to instill greater perceived purpose for a wider range of physical activities. We posit that these strategies are more likely to result in more positive (or less negative) affective responses to exercise, better adherence to exercise programs, and higher rates of overall PA.

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“…It has been suggested that satisfaction can be increased both by the awareness in a specific positive situation and by the reduction of negative thoughts, e.g. about physical activity (16); something which may be facilitated by practising mindfulness (17). All people have a varying intrinsic, albeit modifiable, trait to be aware of the present moment; dispositional mindfulness (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mindfulness on physical activity in primary healthcare patients: a randomised controlled trial pilot study.

Nymberg

Calling

Stenman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Increased physical activity can have health benefits among inactive individuals. In Sweden, the healthcare system uses Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP) to motivate patients to increase their physical activity level. Mindfulness may further heighten the internal motivation to engage in physical activity. However, previous research has not demonstrated clear evidence of such associations.Aim: Examine the feasibility of the study design as a preparation for a full-scale study, and examine the differences, between three interventions, in change over time in physical activity levels and in related variables.Method: Comparison between three different interventions in an ordinary primary health care setting: PAP, mindfulness, and a combination of PAP and mindfulness. Physical activity was measured with self-report and ACTi Graph GT1X activity monitor. Statistical analysis was performed with a mixed effect model to account for repeated observations and estimate differences both within groups and between groups at three and six months follow-up.Results: Between September 2016 and December 2018, a total of 88 participants were randomised into three groups. Eleven participants were excluded from analysis due to low activity monitor wear time. The total dropout rate was 20.4%, the attendance rate to the mindfulness courses (52% > 6 times) and the web-based mindfulness training (8% > 800 minutes) was low according to the stated feasibility criteria. Self-reported leisure time physical activity showed a significant difference in change between the groups (p= 0.04); the mindfulness group did not report the same increase as the other groups. The activity monitor data showed no significant differences between the groups. However, within the combination group, there was a significant increase of percentage time in light physical activity, which was not found in the other groups. Among the secondary aims, self-rated health showed a significant increase only within the combination group.Conclusion: The study design needs adjustment for the mindfulness intervention design before a fully scaled study can be conducted. A combination of PAP and mindfulness may increase physical activity and self-rated health more than PAP or mindfulness alone.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT02869854. Regional Ethical Review Board in Lund registration number 2016/404.

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Elucidating satisfaction with physical activity: An examination of the day-to-day associations between experiences with physical activity and satisfaction during physical activity initiation

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Exercise Experiences and Changes in Affective Attitude: Direct and Indirect Effects of In Situ Measurements of Experiences

Exercise Experiences and Changes in Affective Attitude: Direct and Indirect Effects of In Situ Measurements of Experiences

The Exercise–Affect–Adherence Pathway: An Evolutionary Perspective

Effect of mindfulness on physical activity in primary healthcare patients: a randomised controlled trial pilot study.

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