5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
is one of the most prescribed drugs and the
major component of chemotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
In this study, we have designed arginine-functionalized manganese
oxide nanocuboids (Arg@MNCs) for the effective delivery of 5-FU to
colon cancer cells. Arginine was used as multifunctional agent to
provide stability to MNCs, achieve high drug loading, control the
release of loaded drug, and improve delivery to cancer cells. The
synthesized Arg@MNCs were characterized by DLS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS,
TGA, and VSM analysis. The structural and morphological analysis by
TEM showed cuboid-shaped MNCs with average particle size ∼15
nm. Biodegradation studies indicated that the Arg@MNCs were degraded
at endolyosomal pH in 24 h while remaining stable at physiological
pH. Hemolytic toxicity studies revealed the safety and nontoxic nature
of the prepared MNCs. 5-FU-loaded Arg@MNCs showed significant control
over the release of 5-FU, decrease in the hemolytic toxicity of loaded
5-FU but higher in vitro anticancer activity against HCT 116 and SW480
human colon cancer cells. Importantly, both the bare MNCs and Arg@MNCs
showed excellent T1 and T2MR relaxivity under 3.0 T MRI scanner. Thus,
the nanostructures developed in this study, i.e., 5-FU-Arg@MNCs could
overcome the issues of both MNCs (stability) and 5-FU (low drug loading
and nonspecificity) and may be used as a multifunctional theranostic
nanocarrier for colon cancer treatment.