2015
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00021
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Elucidating the Fundamental Mechanisms of Cell Death Triggered by Photothermal Therapy

Abstract: Photothermal therapy (PTT) utilizes nanoparticles embedded within tumors as exogenous energy absorbers to convert laser light energy into heat to ablate cancer cells. While PTT is a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapy, under certain irradiation conditions, it can produce cellular necrosis, and this necrosis may lead to pro-inflammatory responses that are detrimental to treatment success. Recent studies have shown that PTT can be modulated to induce apoptosis rather than necrosis, which is appe… Show more

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Cited by 569 publications
(430 citation statements)
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“…For example, nanoparticles can work for delivering and releasing drugs e±ciently or directly providing damage e®ect to targeted cells or tissue when excited by lasers. [3][4][5] Gold nanorods (GNRs) are an important type of nanoparticles since their toxicity to cells is relatively low due to their chemical stability. 6 They can be easily synthesized with designed size and shape which determines their spectral response and extinction e±ciency.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, nanoparticles can work for delivering and releasing drugs e±ciently or directly providing damage e®ect to targeted cells or tissue when excited by lasers. [3][4][5] Gold nanorods (GNRs) are an important type of nanoparticles since their toxicity to cells is relatively low due to their chemical stability. 6 They can be easily synthesized with designed size and shape which determines their spectral response and extinction e±ciency.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mode of cell death induced by PTT can be tuned between apoptosis or necrosis by altering parameters such as the light exposure conditions with low-dose PTT/mild hyperthermia favoring apoptosis. 7,8 Thus, PTT is advantageous for cancer treatment because it is highly effective, minimally invasive, and offers limited side effects. Accordingly, there are several gold-based, NIRabsorbing nanoparticles being investigated for PTT, including silica core-gold shell nanoshells, 5,9,10 gold nanorods, 11 gold-gold sulfide nanoparticles, 12 hollow gold nanospheres, 13 and gold nanocages.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[3] However,the most common cellular response under such temperature is necrosis,w hich compromises the integrity of cell membrane and releases intracellular constituents,p roducing, in turn, proinflammatory responses. [4] Inflammation is ac ommon pathological process,a nd it can manifest in any bodily tissue or organ. During the last few decades,e vidence has shown ac lear association between cancer onset and inflammation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%