Elucidating the intercalation mechanism of zinc ions into α-MnO₂ for rechargeable zinc batteries

Abstract

The intercalation mechanism of zinc ions into 2 × 2 tunnels of an α-MnO2 cathode for rechargeable zinc batteries was revealed. It involves a series of single and two-phase reaction steps and produces buserite, a layered compound with an interlayer spacing of 11 Å as a discharge product.

A Computational Study of a Single‐Walled Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Ultrafast High‐Capacity Aluminum Battery

“…[3][4][5] Secondary batteries, also knowna sr echargeable batteries or storageb atteries, potentially consist of reversible cell reactions that allow them to recharge their cell potential throught he passage of electricalc urrents. [6][7][8] Thew orld's research interest is therefore moving from the traditional Li-ion batteries, which are associated with limitations such as safety,p roduction cost, and reactivity, [9][10][11] to the newly emergingf ield of multivalent batteries (Mg, [12][13][14] Zn, [15,16] Al [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] )o wing to their availability as natural resources, high energy density,a nd capacity.A mong these developing technologies, aluminum batteriesh ave distinct advantages because at hree-electronr edoxc ouple provides high theoretical specific capacity 2.89 Ahg À1 and volumetric charges torage capacity 8.0 Ahcm À3 . [6][7][8] Thew orld's research interest is therefore moving from the traditional Li-ion batteries, which are associated with limitations such as safety,p roduction cost, and reactivity, [9][10][11] to the newly emergingf ield of multivalent batteries (Mg, [12][13][14] Zn, [15,16] Al [17][18][19][20][21]…”

Charge storage mechanism of MnO 2 cathodes in Zn/MnO 2 batteries using ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolytes

“…Thus, only Zn 2+ cations may ingress into the cathode during the reduction process, as it is observed in the XPS spectra. Furthermore, intercalation of Zn 2+ cations in MnO 2 electrodes has been recently reported by other groups [4,8,9].…”

“…Intercalation of divalent cations, such as Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ , into MnO 2 have been recently reported, opening the development of an emerging energy storage system: Zn 2+ or Mg 2+ ion batteries as most viable candidates for replacing Li-ion batteries [2][3][4]8,9]. In this sense, Oh et al have published a series of papers describing the intercalation of Zn 2+ cations into different MnO 2 structures [4,8,9].…”

“…In this sense, Oh et al have published a series of papers describing the intercalation of Zn 2+ cations into different MnO 2 structures [4,8,9].…”

Cryptomelane-Type KMn8O16 as Potential Cathode Material — for Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery

“…Although considerable initial discharge capacity up to 200 mAh/g at low C -rate can be delivered, they suffer from the poor rate performance and a rapid capacity fading owing to the repeated phase transitions and the dissolution of Mn 2+ owing to Mn 3+ disproportionation upon cycling. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of MnO 2 remains controversial (Lee et al, 2015). A family of prussian blue analogs (abbreviated as PBAs) such as zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZnHCF) are also the attractive cathode materials based on zinc anode, which allow the rapid metal ion diffusion due to their cubic open-framework structures (Zhang et al, 2015a,b; Liu et al, 2016).…”