Elucidating the role of secondary cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties of a martensitic ultra-high strength stainless steel

Yang, Zhe; Liu, Zhenbao; Liang, Jianxiong; Yang, Zu‐Po; Sheng, Guangmin

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111277

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The precipitation strengthening increment provided by the precipitated particles can be calculated by the following Equation (3) [ 13 ]

σ_{normalp} = 0.26 \frac{G b}{r_{normalp}} f^{1 / 2} ln (\frac{r_{normalp}}{b})

where G (=76 GPa) denotes the shear modulus, b (=0.286 nm) denotes the Burgers vector, r p denotes the average equivalent radius of precipitated particles, and f denotes the volume fraction of precipitated particles. By referring to Equation (3), it becomes evident that the presence of a significant quantity of finely dispersed precipitated particles contributes to higher strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The precipitation strengthening increment provided by the precipitated particles can be calculated by the following Equation (3) [13] σ…”

Section: Effect Of Martensite Substructure On Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12] Deep cryogenic treatment, typically performed at approximately À73-À85 °C, offers the advantages of facilitating the further transformation of austenite into martensite, inducing lattice contraction within the Fe matrix, promoting the accumulation of carbon atoms near dislocations, and augmenting nucleation energy. [13][14][15] Consequently, these effects prove beneficial for enhancing the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the materials. [16,17] Temperament treatment, typically conducted subsequent to cryogenic treatment and at temperatures ranging from 480 to 560 °C, leads to the precipitation of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, and cobalt in the form of nano-M 2 C precipitates, thereby bolstering the material's strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Microstructural Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Secondary Hardening Low‐Carbon High‐Alloy Bearing Steel

Wu,

Zhang

2023

steel research int.

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The hierarchical martensite structure of secondary hardening low‐carbon high‐alloy bearing steel at different solution temperatures is characterized in detail, and the effect of microstructural evolution on mechanical properties of the experimental steel is studied. The results show there are a large number of micron‐M6C at the boundary of the prior austenite grain when the solution temperature is 1,000–1,025 °C, which is conducive to hinder the growth of the prior austenite grain and produces smaller packets that improve the yield strength of the material. At the same time, such micron‐M6C is prone to stress concentration when the material is subjected to an external force load, which can severely reduce the material toughness. The M6C completely dissolves into the matrix when the solution temperature exceeds 1,050 °C, and the packets size grows rapidly with the prior austenite grain size. At this point, the effect of packets on yield strength no longer dominates, and the rate of decrease in yield strength tends to be gradual. Under the comprehensive function of the micron‐M6C‐remelting, the martensitic blocks refinement, the increased number of the Σ3 grain boundaries, and the growth of cracks can be hindered, and the toughness of material can be improved accordingly.

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“…The precipitation strengthening increment provided by the precipitated particles can be calculated by the following Equation (3) [ 13 ]

σ_{normalp} = 0.26 \frac{G b}{r_{normalp}} f^{1 / 2} ln (\frac{r_{normalp}}{b})

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The precipitation strengthening increment provided by the precipitated particles can be calculated by the following Equation (3) [13] σ…”

Section: Effect Of Martensite Substructure On Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Microstructural Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Secondary Hardening Low‐Carbon High‐Alloy Bearing Steel

Wu,

Zhang

2023

steel research int.

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“…In response to these limitations, cryogenic treatment has emerged as a promising supplementary technique for enhancing the properties of tool steels across various categories, including cold-work [1][2][3], hot-work [4,5], high-speed [6,7], and high-strength steels [8,9]. Cryogenic treatment, typically performed between hardening and tempering stages, involves subjecting the material to extremely low temperatures ranging from −60 to −196 • C, followed by controlled reheating to ambient conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cryogenic Treatments on Hardness, Fracture Toughness, and Wear Properties of Vanadis 6 Tool Steel

Yarasu,

Jurci,

Ptacinova

et al. 2024

Materials

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The ability of cryogenic treatment to improve tool steel performance is well established; however, the selection of optimal heat treatment is pivotal for cost reduction and extended tool life. This investigation delves into the influence of distinct cryogenic and tempering treatments on the hardness, fracture toughness, and tribological properties of Vanadis 6 tool steel. Emphasis was given to comprehending wear mechanisms, wear mode identification, volume loss estimation, and detailed characterization of worn surfaces through scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. The findings reveal an 8–9% increase and a 3% decrease in hardness with cryogenic treatment compared to conventional treatment when tempered at 170 °C and 530 °C, respectively. Cryotreated specimens exhibit an average of 15% improved fracture toughness after tempering at 530 °C compared to conventional treatment. Notably, cryogenic treatment at −140 °C emerges as the optimum temperature for enhanced wear performance in both low- and high-temperature tempering scenarios. The identified wear mechanisms range from tribo-oxidative at lower contacting conditions to severe delaminative wear at intense contacting conditions. These results align with microstructural features, emphasizing the optimal combination of reduced retained austenite and the highest carbide population density observed in −140 °C cryogenically treated steel.

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“…[ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In the literature, the most commonly tested stainless steels with DCT are individually selected austenitic stainless steels: AISI 302 [ 5 , 9 ], AISI 304 [ 10 , 11 ], and AISI 304 L [ 12 , 13 ], and martensitic stainless steel SR34 [ 14 ], AISI 420 [ 15 , 16 ], AISI 431 [ 17 ], AISI 440 [ 15 ], and AISI 440 C [ 18 ]. However, all of these studies consider only the individual steel grades with only individual treatment parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Interdependency of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Fatigue Resistance, and Residual Stress of Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304L

et al. 2023

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Stainless steels are important in various industries due to their unique properties and durable life cycle. However, with increasing demands for prolonged life cycles, better mechanical properties, and improved residual stresses, new treatment techniques, such as deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), are on the rise to further push the improvement in stainless steels. This study focuses on the effect of DCT on austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L, while also considering the influence of solution annealing temperature on DCT effectiveness. Both aspects are assessed through the research of microstructure, selected mechanical properties (hardness, fracture and impact toughness, compressive and tensile strength, strain-hardening exponent, and fatigue resistance), and residual stresses by comparing the DCT state with conventionally treated counterparts. The results indicate the complex interdependency of investigated microstructural characteristics and residual stress states, which is the main reason for induced changes in mechanical properties. The results show both the significant and insignificant effects of DCT on individual properties of AISI 304L. Overall, solution annealing at a higher temperature (1080 °C) showed more prominent results in combination with DCT, which can be utilized for different manufacturing procedures of austenitic stainless steels for various applications.

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Elucidating the role of secondary cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties of a martensitic ultra-high strength stainless steel

Cited by 30 publications

References 58 publications

Effect of Microstructural Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Secondary Hardening Low‐Carbon High‐Alloy Bearing Steel

Effect of Microstructural Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Secondary Hardening Low‐Carbon High‐Alloy Bearing Steel

Effect of Cryogenic Treatments on Hardness, Fracture Toughness, and Wear Properties of Vanadis 6 Tool Steel

Complex Interdependency of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Fatigue Resistance, and Residual Stress of Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304L

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