Elucidating the source–sink relationships of zinc biofortification in wheat grains: A review

Xia, Haiyong; Wang, Lan; Qiao, Yuetong; Kong, Weilin; Xue, Yanhui; Wang, Zongshuai; Kong, Lingan; Xue, Yuanchao; Sizmur, Tom

doi:10.1002/fes3.243

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(382 reference statements)

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“…Our research showed that the application of Zn fertilizer (30 kg ZnSO4•7H2O ha -1 ) significantly increased grain yields/accumulation of N and K, and grain concentrations of Zn, N and K, but reduced Cu concentrations in wheat (Tables 2-3 and S2-S3). This is consistent with most previous studies on Zn [14,49,50], and consistent with Tao et al [48] on N. However, very few findings on the relationships between soil Zn application and grain accumulation of K or Cu were reported in wheat plants, which need a further verification. The simultaneous increase in grain concentrations of Zn and N could be explained by the interaction and co-localization of both within the grain, largely in the embryo and aleurone [51].…”

Section: Effects Of Soil Zn Fertilization On Grain Yield Traits and Nutrient Accumulation Of Wheatsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The contradiction between grain yield and nutritional quality in crop breeding and production has been observed in many previous studies [14,26]. Breeders usually struggle with the 8-25% yield reduction because of low phytate wheat lines used to improve grain Zn bioavailability [52,53].…”

Section: Cultivars Showing Higher Grain Yields Had Lower Grain Protein and Micronutrient Nutritional Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Source-sink regulation involves the absorption/production, distribution, transport, transformation and accumulation of photoassimilates and nutrient elements, as well as the interaction between organs, and the coordination of this process is the prerequisite for high yield of crops [12]. Source-sink interactions have been intensively studied for nearly a century to improve crop yield potential, but less on grain nutritional quality [13,14]. Reducing the carbohydrate source from photosynthesis through defoliation or spike shading or reducing the grain sink size through partial spikelet removal has been commonly conducted to investigate the source-sink limitations of crop assimilates for grain development and dry matter accumulation [15,16].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moderate soil-drying after anthesis or applying exogenous ABA at a low concentration elevated the endogenous ABA level, which can improve the activities of the key enzymes involving carbohydrate metabolism in stem and grain, enhance the loading and unloading capacity of assimilates, and finally accelerate remobilization of assimilates to wheat grains and promote starch synthesis in grain [13]. Although hormone signaling, root and leaf growth and senescence, Zn uptake, transport and remobilization, and kernel development are intrinsically linked together during grain-filling of wheat in theory [14,32], the relationship between ABA and Zn accumulation in wheat grains has not been observed or established.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is known to all, in addition to micronutrient, crop plant has a large demand for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) to sustain normal growth. There have been some reports that supply of exogenous carbohydrate, N, P, K and some other nutrients (including the Irving-Williams series metals), and their status within the plant affects grain Zn accumulation of wheat [14,40,41]. At present, most studies on source-sink manipulations focus on their effects on the micronutrient accumulation in wheat grains, but less on the grain macro-elements (C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Source-Sink Manipulation Affects Accumulation of Zinc and Other Nutrient Elements in Wheat Grains

Wang¹,

Xia²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In order to better understand the source-sink flow and relationships of Zinc (Zn) and other nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants for biofortification and improving grain nutritional quality, effects of reducing photoassimilate source (through the flag leaf removal and spike shading) or sink (through 50% spikelets removal) in the field on accumulation of Zn and other nutrients in wheat grains of two cultivars (Jimai 22 and Jimai 44) were investigated under two soil Zn application levels. The single panicle weight (SPW), kernel number per spike (KNPS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), total grain weight (TGW), concentrations and yields of various nutrient elements (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, N, P, K, Ca and Mg), phytate phosphorus (phytate-P), phytic acid (PA) and phytohormones (ABA: abscisic acid, and the ethylene precursor ACC: 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid), and C/N ratios were determined. Soil Zn application significantly increased concentrations of grain Zn, N and K. Cultivars showing higher grain yields had lower grain protein and micronutrient nutritional quality. SPW, KNPS, TKW (with an exception of TKW in half spikelets removal), TGW, and nutrient yields in wheat grains were most severely reduced by half spiklets removal, secondly by spike shading, and slightly by flag leaf removal. Grain concentrations of Zn, N and Mg consistently showed negative correlations with SPW, KNPS and TGW, but positively with TKW. There were general positive correlations among grain concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, N and Mg, and bioavailability of Zn and Fe (estimated by molar ratios of PA/Zn, PA × Ca/Zn, PA/Fe, or PA × Ca/Fe). Although concentrations of Zn and Fe were increased and Ca was decreased in treatments of half spikelets removal and spike shading, the simultaneously increased PA limited the increase in bioavailability of Zn and Fe. In general, different nutrient elements interact with each other and are affected to different degrees by source-sink manipulations. Elevated endogenous ABA levels and ABA/ACC ratios were associated with increased TKW and grain-filling of Zn, Mn, Ca and Mg, and inhibited K in wheat grains. However, effects of ACC were diametrically opposite. These results provide basis for wheat grain biofortification to alleviate human malnutrition.

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Section: Effects Of Soil Zn Fertilization On Grain Yield Traits and Nutrient Accumulation Of Wheatsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cultivars Showing Higher Grain Yields Had Lower Grain Protein and Micronutrient Nutritional Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source-Sink Manipulation Affects Accumulation of Zinc and Other Nutrient Elements in Wheat Grains

Wang¹,

Xia²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Biofortification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with iron and zinc: Achievements and challenges

Huertas

Karpińska

Ngala

et al. 2022

Food and Energy Security

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Micronutrient deficiencies (hidden hunger), particularly in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), remain one of the most serious public health challenges, affecting more than three billion people globally. A number of strategies are used to ameliorate the problem of micronutrient deficiencies and to improve the nutritional profile of food products. These include (i) dietary diversification, (ii) industrial food fortification and supplements, (iii) agronomic approaches including soil mineral fertilisation, bioinoculants and crop rotations, and (iv) biofortification through the implementation of biotechnology including gene editing and plant breeding.These efforts must consider the dietary patterns and culinary preferences of the consumer and stakeholder acceptance of new biofortified varieties. Deficiencies in Zn and Fe are often linked to the poor nutritional status of agricultural soils, resulting in low amounts and/or poor availability of these nutrients in staple food crops such as common bean. This review describes the genes and processes associated with Fe and Zn accumulation in common bean, a significant food source in Africa that plays an important role in nutritional security. We discuss the conventional plant breeding, transgenic and gene editing approaches that are being deployed to improve Fe and Zn accumulation in beans. We also consider the requirements of successful bean biofortification programmes, highlighting gaps in current knowledge, possible solutions and future perspectives.

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Meta‐QTL s and haplotypes for efficient zinc biofortification of rice

et al. 2023

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Biofortification of rice with improved grain zinc (Zn) content is the most sustainable and cost‐effective approach to address Zn malnutrition in Asia. Genomics‐assisted breeding using precise and consistent Zn quantitative trait loci (QTLs), genes, and haplotypes can fast‐track the development of Zn biofortified rice varieties. We conducted the meta‐analysis of 155 Zn QTLs reported from 26 different studies. Results revealed 57 meta‐QTLs with a significant reduction of 63.2% and 80% in the number and confidence interval of the Zn QTLs, respectively. Meta‐quantitative trait loci (MQTLs) regions were found to be enriched with diverse metal homeostasis genes; at least 11 MQTLs were colocated with 20 known major genes involved in the production of root exudates, metal uptake, transport, partitioning, and loading into grains in rice. These genes were differentially expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues, and a complex web of interactions were observed among them. We identified superior haplotypes and their combinations for nine candidate genes (CGs), and the frequency and allelic effects of superior haplotypes varied in different subgroups. The precise MQTLs with high phenotypic variance, CGs, and superior haplotypes identified in our study are useful for an efficient Zn biofortification of rice and to ensure Zn as an essential component of all the future rice varieties through mainstreaming of Zn breeding.

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Elucidating the source–sink relationships of zinc biofortification in wheat grains: A review

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 27 publications

References 181 publications

Source-Sink Manipulation Affects Accumulation of Zinc and Other Nutrient Elements in Wheat Grains

Source-Sink Manipulation Affects Accumulation of Zinc and Other Nutrient Elements in Wheat Grains

Biofortification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with iron and zinc: Achievements and challenges

Meta‐QTL s and haplotypes for efficient zinc biofortification of rice

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