Elucidation of Antimicrobial Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD) Blend/Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) Immobilised with Collagen Peptide as Potential Biomaterial

Abstract

The quest for a suitable biomaterial for medical application and tissue regeneration has resulted in the extensive research of surface functionalization of material. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] is a bacterial polymer well-known for its high levels of biocompatibility, non-genotoxicity, and minimal tissue response. We have designed a porous antimicrobial silver SSD blend/poly(3HB-co-4HB)-collagen peptide scaffold using a combination of simple techniques to develop a scaffold with an inter-connected microporous pore in this study. The collagen peptide was immobilised via -NH2 group via aminolysis. In order to improve the antimicrobial performance of the scaffold, silver sulfadiazine (SSD) was impregnated in the scaffolds. To confirm the immobilised collagen peptide and SSD, the scaffold was characterized using FTIR. Herein, based on the cell proliferation assay of the L929 fibroblast cells, enhanced bioactivity of the scaffold with improved wettability facilitated increased cell proliferation. The antimicrobial activity of the SSD blend/P(3HB-co-4HB)-collagen peptide in reference to the pathogenic Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and yeast Candida albicans exhibited SSD blend/poly(3HB-co-4HB)-12.5 wt% collagen peptide as significant construct of biocompatible antibacterial biomaterials. Thus, SSD blend/P(3HB-co-4HB)-collagen peptide scaffold from this finding has high potential to be further developed as biomaterial.

Surface Characterization and Physiochemical Evaluation of P(3HB-co-4HB)-Collagen Peptide Scaffolds with Silver Sulfadiazine as Antimicrobial Agent for Potential Infection-Resistance Biomaterial

“…Conventional burn dressings in second-degree burns [16] Polycaprolactone (PCL)/SSD Electrospinning Antibacterial scaffold [20] P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptide/SSD Aminolysis Potential wound healing [9] Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/SSD Electrospinning Antimicrobial wound dressing [21] Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/SSD Electrospinning, structural reconstruction Antimicrobial wound dressing [22] Following the aforementioned background, in the present work, the surface architecture of P(3HB-co-4HB) was enhanced by incorporating collagen peptides and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) as the antimicrobial mechanism agent. Two different scaffolds, namely SSD coat/collagen peptide coat-P(3HB-co-4HB) [SSCC] and SSD blend/collagen peptides coat-P(3HB-co-4HB) [SBCC] scaffold, were fabricated by the combination of salt leaching and freeze-drying techniques which are low cost and apply green technology to fabricate the scaffolds.…”

“…Mouse fibroblast cell culture (L929, ATCC) was cultured in cell culture flasks containing Modified Eagle Medium (MEM) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, 1 mM of sodium pyruvate, 1000 U/mL penicillin-streptomycin and 10% (v/v) of bovine calf serum, which were incubated at 37 • C in 5% (v/v) CO 2 for 2-3 days. The various scaffolds fabricated and its positive control (P(3HB-co-4HB) without collagen were cut in size (6 mm in diameter) fitting the 96-well flat bottom culture plate and sterilized under UV cross-linker (Spectrolinker™, XL-1000 UV Cross-linker, Westbury, NY, USA) at 1200 µJ/cm 2 for 30 min [8,9]. The scaffolds were then placed in the 96-well flat bottom culture plate.…”

“…The media was used as the positive control and scaffolds without any incorporation of collagen peptide were used as negative control. The absorbance values were plotted against the counted cell numbers, and thus a standard curve was established [9].…”

“…Among the variety of PHAs, copolymer P(3HB-co-4HB) is widely used in biomedical applications due to the non-toxic biodegradation products, wide range of physical and mechanical properties, non-carcinogenic effects and biocompatibility [7]. It possesses exceptional properties for medical and pharmaceutical fields [8,9]. Moreover, P(3HB-co-4HB) has Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for clinical usages among all the other PHAs available [3].…”

Surface-Modified Highly Biocompatible Bacterial-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate): A Review on the Promising Next-Generation Biomaterial

“…The merit of this method is that the pore size can be easily controlled by adjusting the freezing regime. Vigneswari et al [43] synthesised an antimicrobial scaffold of the silver sulfadiazine blend/P(3HB-co-4HB)-collagen peptide biocomposite containing via freeze-drying, which enhanced the proliferation of osteosarcoma L929 cells, hence is a potential biomaterial.…”