Elucidation of correlation between SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and N gene cycle threshold (Ct) by RT-PCR with age and gender

Rehman, Mati Ur; Naqvi, Syed Sajjad; Ullah, Rooh; Arshad, Narmeen; Ammad, Muhammad; Ain, Qurat Ul; Razzak, Anam; Yousaf, Muhammad; Hussain, Arif; Hasan, Tarique N.

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2022.06.008

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Males tended to have a higher viral load than females. 24 In our study, patients aged 45–59 years or over 60 years had lower Ct values than patients aged <45 years in terms of the minimum, mean, and median total Ct values. Male patients tended to have a steeper trend in Ct value changes with the time of the NAD test than females, which demonstrated a larger slope value.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Age and Sex Differences Among Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients with Omicron Infection in 2022 in Shanghai, China

Feng¹,

Hong²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

JMDH

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Background An epidemic of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in March 2022, and over 600,000 cases were confirmed until early May 2022 in Shanghai, China. Data on Omicron infections are available in other countries, but the clinical features of patients in the Chinese population, especially in Shanghai, are still lacking. We collected data from a subset of asymptomatic and mildly ill patients to learn about the age and sex disparity of Omicron infection based on changes in cycle threshold values. Methods The basic information of 325 patients who were consecutively admitted to the Shanghai Geriatrics Center was collected through medical records, and patients were tested for viral nucleic acid carriage using nasal swab samples during hospitalization. SAS 9.4 was used for data analysis, and a p value < 0.05% was considered statistically significant. Results Among the 325 included patients, 58.8% were males, with a mean age of 47.2 years and 13.6 days of hospitalization on average. The average number of nucleic acid tests among female patients was 4.7, which was higher than that among male patients (4.1). The median value of the slope for cycle threshold (Ct) changes in the nucleic acid detection (NAD) test was 1.4. Logistic regression indicated that the proportion of slope for Ct changes >1.5 was slightly higher among male patients than among female patients (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–1.66), and patients aged <45 years and 45–59 years had a higher proportion of slope for Ct changes >1.5 than patients aged ≥60 years. Ct values were more variable in the early stages of infection and stabilized in the later stages of infection. Conclusion Among patients with mild illness or asymptomatic infection, the Ct value is a good, timely, and cost-effective method to reflect the recovery progress of patients. The slope of Ct changes was steeper among younger patients and male patients, which indicates faster disease recovery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Age and Sex Differences Among Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients with Omicron Infection in 2022 in Shanghai, China

Feng¹,

Hong²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

JMDH

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“…We found no significant correlation between age and Cq level, which aligns with the results of Ur Rehman et al 26 Mahallawi et al in 2021 reported a range of 15.08–35, with an average of 5.23 ± 27.44 for Cq level, and there was no significant correlation between Cq level and gender. 27 However, an earlier study in 2020 showed that men tended to experience more severe cases than women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies have shown a link between Cq and viral load and COVID‐19 disease severity. Cq levels in COVID‐19 patients are inversely proportional to virus load and disease severity 26 . In this study, we examined the Cq level as an indicator of the COVID‐19 viral load and its correlation with various parameters, including gender, age, D‐dimer, ESR, CRP, CBC, NLR, PLR, LDH, IgG, and IgM levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cq levels in COVID‐19 patients are inversely proportional to virus load and disease severity. 26 In this study, we examined the Cq level as an indicator of the COVID‐19 viral load and its correlation with various parameters, including gender, age, D‐dimer, ESR, CRP, CBC, NLR, PLR, LDH, IgG, and IgM levels. The minimum and maximum Cq levels for the RdRp and N genes in COVID‐19 were 12.14, 13.21, and 32.12, 33.18, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cq values as an indicator for COVID‐19 outcomes: A study of the correlation between laboratory parameters

Safdari,

Bagheri,

Talkhi

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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ObjectiveThe ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is currently presenting a major global health threat. This pandemic is unprecedented in recent human history. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between cycle quantitation (Cq) and laboratory parameters in COVID‐19 patients, aiming to determine if Cq levels can provide valuable insights into the COVID‐19 disease.MethodsThis study involved 234 participants who were divided into case and control groups. Real‐time PCR tests were used to diagnose COVID‐19 cases in the study participants. Blood tests, including complete blood count, C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D‐dimer, IgG, and IgM, were also conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software.ResultsThe findings showed that COVID‐19‐positive cases had significantly higher levels of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), D‐dimer, ESR, CRP, and LDH compared to normal cases. Additionally, the case group had significantly lower lymphocyte and platelet counts. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between Cq levels and lymphocyte count (r = .124, p = .014). Conversely, there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between Cq levels and NLR (r = −.208, p = .017). Furthermore, the evaluation of hematological, inflammatory, and biochemical indexes in COVID‐19 patients using the receiver‐operating characteristics curve demonstrated statistically appropriate sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionOur outcomes indicated a significant association between Cq levels and PLR, NLR, D‐dimer, CRP, and ESR in COVID‐19 patients. Consequently, including the report of laboratory parameters alongside Cq values offers a promising prognosis.

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“…A plethora of systematic reviews and observational studies have established that nucleic acid CT values are not only correlated with the progression to severe illness, disease severity, and clinical biomarkers (19)(20)(21), but also bear significant associations with demographic factors and clinical histories (22)(23)(24). It has been observed that males exhibit higher viral loads compared to females (25), which can predict their infectiousness (26) and potentially reduce the likelihood of transmission (27). Consequently, CT values can serve as prognostic markers at an individual level (28,29), identifying patients with higher morbidity and risk (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective analysis of the influencing factors of nucleic acid CT value fluctuation in COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron variant virus in Changchun city

Cao,

Sun,

Ding

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with fluctuations in nucleic acid CT values in patients infected with the Omicron variant during an outbreak at a hospital in Changchun city.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on general information, medical history, vaccination history, and laboratory test data of COVID-19 patients infected with the Omicron variant and admitted to the hospital in Changchun from March 2022 to April 2022. The study aimed to explore the factors influencing nucleic acid CT value fluctuations in COVID-19 patients infected with the Omicron variant in Changchun city.ResultsFluctuations in nucleic acid CT values were significantly correlated with occupation composition (p = 0.030), hospital stay duration (p = 0.000), heart rate (p = 0.026), creatinine (p = 0.011), platelet count (p = 0.000), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (p = 0.045), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (p = 0.017). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between hospital stay duration (p = 0.000), platelet count (p = 0.019), heart rate (p = 0.036), and nucleic acid CT value fluctuations (p < 0.05), indicating that they were independent risk factors. Red blood cell count was identified as a factor influencing nucleic acid CT value fluctuations in Group A patients. Occupation composition, direct bilirubin, and platelet count were identified as factors influencing nucleic acid CT value fluctuations in Group B patients. Further binary logistic regression analysis indicated that occupational composition and direct bilirubin are significant independent factors for nucleic acid CT value fluctuations in Group B patients, positively correlated with occupational risk and negatively correlated with direct bilirubin.ConclusionTherefore, enhancing patients’ immunity, increasing physical exercise to improve myocardial oxygen consumption, reducing the length of hospital stays, and closely monitoring liver function at the onset of hospitalization to prevent liver function abnormalities are effective measures to control fluctuations in nucleic acid CT values.

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Elucidation of correlation between SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and N gene cycle threshold (Ct) by RT-PCR with age and gender

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Age and Sex Differences Among Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients with Omicron Infection in 2022 in Shanghai, China

Age and Sex Differences Among Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients with Omicron Infection in 2022 in Shanghai, China

Cq values as an indicator for COVID‐19 outcomes: A study of the correlation between laboratory parameters

A retrospective analysis of the influencing factors of nucleic acid CT value fluctuation in COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron variant virus in Changchun city

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