Elucidation of in-vitro anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds isolated from Jatropha curcas L. plant root

Abstract

BackgroundThe Jatropha curcas plant or locally known as “Pokok Jarak” has been widely used in traditional medical applications. This plant is used to treat various conditions such as arthritis, gout, jaundice, wound and inflammation. However, the nature of compounds involved has not been well documented. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of different parts of J. curcas plant and to identify the active compounds involved.MethodsIn this study, methanol (80%) extraction of four different parts (leaves, fruits, stem and root) of J. curcas plant was carried out. Phenolic content of each part was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Gallic acid was used as the phenol standard. Each plant part was screened for anti-inflammatory activity using cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The active plant part was then partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Each partition was again screened for anti-inflammatory activity. The active partition was then fractionated using an open column chromatography system. Single spots isolated from column chromatography were assayed for anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities. Spots that showed activity were subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis for identification of active metabolites.ResultsThe hexane partition from root extract showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. However, it also showed high cytotoxicity towards RAW 264.7 cells at 1 mg/mL. Fractionation process using column chromatography showed five spots. Two spots labeled as H-4 and H-5 possessed anti-inflammatory activity, without cytotoxicity activity. Analysis of both spots by GC-MS showed the presence of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and octadecanoic acid.ConclusionThis finding suggests that hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and octadecanoic acid could be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of the J. curcas root extract.

Active Compound Identification in Extracts of N. lappaceum Peel and Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity

“…Neuroprotector [90], anti-inflammatory [95] Plasticizer for vinyl, cellulosic, and acrylate resins and synthetic rubber [97] obtained in the hydroethanolic ultrasound extracts, and the highest TAC was obtained in the acid extract. e extracts evaluated exhibited good antioxidant capacity with both high inhibitory activity against ABTS•+ radical cations and strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals.…”

Comparison of the acute toxicity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and chemical composition changes in Rhizoma anemones Raddeanae caused by vinegar processing

“…In this paper, the comparison of differences in acute toxicity [6,7], anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects between RAR and vinegar-processed RAR was conducted systematically. The changes in the chemical composition of RAR and vinegarprocessed RAR were investigated, and the mechanism of vinegar processing was explored preliminarily to provide available scientific support for the mechanism study and clinical application of vinegar-processed RAR [8,9].…”

Ultrasonic‐assisted solvent extraction of phenolic compounds from Opuntia ficus‐indica peel: Phytochemical identification and comparison with soxhlet extraction

“…From Table 3, it is found that the concentrations of the compounds extracted from prickly pear peels with UASE ( Figure 7) are not similar to that of the soxhlet extraction technique ( Figure 8). Compounds such as phytol, azulene, 9-eicosyne, (Sivakumar, Jebanesan, Govindarajan, & Rajasekar, 2011)Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities (Othman, Abdullah, Ahmad, Ismail, & Zakaria, 2015). as palmitic acid, which is widely used as a flavoring and an antiinflammatory agent.…”

“…as palmitic acid, which is widely used as a flavoring and an antiinflammatory agent. It also possesses antibacterial and antifungal (Sivakumar et al, 2011) and cytotoxicity properties (Othman et al, 2015). (Parthipan & Suky, 2015;Wei et al, 2011).…”