Elucidation of the Interactions of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Model Membranes Mimicking Cancer Cells and Normal Cells

Abstract

Photosensitizers (PSs) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed to selectively destroy tumor cells. However, PSs recurrently reside on the extracellular matrix or affect normal cells in the vicinity, causing side effects. Additionally, the membrane stability of tumor cells and normal cells in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has not been studied, and the effects of ROS at the membrane level are unclear. In this work, we elucidate the stabilities of model membranes mimicking tumor cells and normal cells in the presence of ROS. The model membranes are constructed according to the degree of saturation in lipids and the bilayers are prepared either in symmetric or asymmetric form. Interestingly, membranes mimicking normal cells are the most vulnerable to ROS, while membranes mimicking tumor cells remain relatively stable. The instability of normal cell membranes may be one cause of the side effects of PDT. Moreover, we also show that ROS levels are controlled by antioxidants, helping to maintain an appropriate amount of ROS when PDT is applied.

Multicomponent-Loaded Vesosomal Drug Carrier for Controlled and Sustained Compound Release

“…We can accurately state that the number of lipid peroxidation sites correlates with the degree of deformation of liposomes exposed to ROS. Collectively, these results provide insight into the different compositions of lipids that could be used to design a drug delivery system with a controlled rate of content release according to the structural deformation of liposomes. , Additionally, when different liposomes are used together, they structurally collapse to a different extent after exposure to the same amount of ROS and release drugs in a time-dependent manner.…”

Elucidating the Molecular Interactions between Lipids and Lysozyme: Evaporation Resistance and Bacterial Barriers for Dry Eye Disease

“…The PLB serves as a capacitor, formed across a small aperture separating two chambers containing electrolyte solutions. 40,41 By applying an electrical potential across the lipid bilayer and measuring the resulting current, the electrical properties of the bilayer can be analyzed. 42 PLB formation was verified (Figure S4), 37 and the membrane thickness was calculated using eq 1.…”

“…A planar lipid bilayer (PLB) was used to study the physical and electrical alteration exhibited by TFLL in the presence of LYZ (Figure A). The PLB serves as a capacitor, formed across a small aperture separating two chambers containing electrolyte solutions. , By applying an electrical potential across the lipid bilayer and measuring the resulting current, the electrical properties of the bilayer can be analyzed . PLB formation was verified (Figure S4), and the membrane thickness was calculated using eq . d = ε 0 × ε s × A / I × d V / d t The average thickness of the PLB increased from 2.71 nm (control) to 3.37 nm (2 mg/mL LYZ, one side) and 3.87 nm (both sides) (Figure B).…”

Cancer Cell Membrane‐Based Materials for Biomedical Applications

“…The effectiveness of PDT and PTT can be significantly increased by creating a reliable photosensitizer (PS) delivery system. [101,102,[124][125][126]158,159] PDT is an innovative modality that has the potential to effectively manage various types of surfacelevel malignancies. PDT, a noninvasive cancer therapy based on photosensitive substances, uses photoactive PSs concentrated in the tumor location to sensitize endogenous molecular oxygen to produce cytotoxic ROS, causing tumor cells to die or become necrotic.…”