Elucidation of the iron chloride-clay system for removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from petroleum and shale-oil distillates

Rayner‐Canham, Geoff; Dickerhoof, D.W.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(84)90362-4

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hydrated iron(III) chloride adsorbed on attapulgus clay was suggested by Rayner-Canham and Dickerhoof to denitrogenate petroleum distillates by complexation. Amines were successfully complexed by iron chloride–clay suspended in toluene, while quinoline and pyrazole complexed with iron chloride were retained on the surface of the clay only when pentane was used as a solvent for the complexation process …”

Section: Chemical Conversion Followed By Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen Removal from Oil: A Review

2016

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The selective removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from oil and oil fractions is of interest because of the potential deleterious impact of such compounds on products and processes. Problems caused by nitrogen-containing compounds include gum formation, acid catalyst inhibition and deactivation, acid−base pair-related corrosion, and metal complexation. A brief overview of the classes of nitrogen compounds found in oil is provided. The review of processes to remove nitrogen from oil emphasizes studies that investigated denitrogenation of industrial feedstocks, such as refinery fractions, heavy oils, and bitumens. The main topics covered are hydrotreating, liquid−liquid phase partitioning, solvent deasphalting, adsorption, chemical conversion followed by separation, and microbial conversion. Chemical conversion processes include oxidative denitrogenation, N-alkylation, complexation with metal salts, and conversion in high-temperature water. There are many processes for denitrogenation by separation of the nitrogen-rich products from oil without removing the nitrogen group from the nitrogencontaining compounds. As a consequence, most of these processes are viable mainly for removal of nitrogen from low-nitrogencontent oils, typically with <0.1 wt % N. At present, hydrodenitrogenation appears to be the only industrially viable process for nitrogen removal from oils with high nitrogen content.

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Section: Chemical Conversion Followed By Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amines were successfully complexed by iron chloride−clay suspended in toluene, while quinoline and pyrazole complexed with iron chloride were retained on the surface of the clay only when pentane was used as a solvent for the complexation process. 142 7.4. Conversion in High-Temperature Water.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Removal from Oil: A Review

2016

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“…removed phenolic compounds from shale oil before hydrotreating it. Often a liquid solvent serves as an extracting agent, but some studies have used solid agents, for instance, CuCl 2 •xH 2 O or hydrated iron (III) chloride to remove nitrogen compounds [110][111][112].…”

Section: Extraction and Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desulfurization, denitrogenation and deoxygenation of shale oil

Baird¹,

Oja²,

Rang³

2021

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Producing valuable transportation fuels from shale oil has long been a goal among the industries concerned, but to meet modern environmental regulations a significant upgrading is required involving removing heteroatoms from it. The quantity of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen in shale oil is one of the major obstacles to its wider use. Unlike petroleum whose upgrading consists mainly in desulfurization, for shale oils denitrification and deoxygenation are also important. This review compiles and summarizes the extensive research that has been performed on removing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen from shale oil. By far the most widely investigated method has been hydrotreatment, but the results of work done with other methods are also presented.

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“…The removal of nitrogen in fuels from shale oil was described by Holmes and Blanton (591) using an acid-clay treatment. Rayner-Canham and Dickerhoof (601) found that FeCl2 adsorbed on Attapulgus clay removes N compounds from petroleum and shale oil distillates.…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum

Trusell¹

1987

Anal. Chem.

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Elucidation of the iron chloride-clay system for removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from petroleum and shale-oil distillates

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Nitrogen Removal from Oil: A Review

Nitrogen Removal from Oil: A Review

Desulfurization, denitrogenation and deoxygenation of shale oil

Petroleum

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