Elution Curve of Rutherfordium (Rf) in Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Hydrofluoric Acid Solution

Chemistry of Superheavy Elements

“…[123][124][125] It has recently been applied to detailed studies of Rf chemistry and the first investigations on Db. [123,[125][126][127][128] After batch-wise separations, individual samples are assayed in detection systems for characteristic a-energies and sf fragment energy measurements. To strengthen the nuclide identification each event is logged together with time information.…”

“…Experimental results about the Rf behavior in comparison with its lighter homologues (and pseudo-homologues) were obtained from: 1) extracting neutral species into tributylphosphate (TBP) with HCl and HBr solutions, [169][170][171][172] 2) extractions of anionic complexes with triisooctyl amine (TiOA) with HF and HCl solutions, [173,174] 3) ion-exchange studies of predominantly cationic species with HF and HNO 3 solutions, [175,176] 4) ion-exchange studies of predominantly anionic species with HF, HCl, and HNO 3 solutions, [123,127,128,175] 5) adsorption experiments on cobalt ferrocyanide. [177] In all of these experiments Rf nuclear decay was directly observed after the chemical separation procedure.…”

Chemistry of superheavy elements

“…5. It was also possible with AIDA to determine an elution curve in liquid chromatography for Rf [138], the first one for a SHE. In the so-called multi-column technique (MCT) continuous or semi-continuous isolation procedures of Rf and its nuclear decay daughter elements, performed on consecutive chromatography columns, were combined with discontinuous sample preparations of long-lived daughter nuclides.…”

“…Experimental results about the Rf behavior in comparison with its lighter homologs and pseudo-homologs were obtained (i) from extracting neutral species into tributylphosphate (TBP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) with HCl solutions [160][161][162][163][164][165], (ii) from extractions of anionic complexes with triisooctyl amine (TiOA) with HF and HCl solutions [166,167], (iii) from ion-exchange studies of predominantly cationic species with HF and HNO 3 solutions [168][169][170][171], (iv) from ion-exchange studies of predominantly anionic species with HF, HCl, and HNO 3 solutions [135,138,168,172,173], from ion-exchange studies of anionic and cationic species with H 2 SO 4 and mixed H 2 SO 4 /HCLO 4 solutions [174], and (v) from adsorption experiments on cobalt ferrocyanide [175]. After very briefly summarizing more recent results from experiments with HCl, HNO 3 , and H 2 SO 4 solution, experimental data obtained over a wide range of HF concentrations, and their interpretation, will be discussed.…”

“…The capabilities of AIDA were demonstrated in the first elution curve measurement of a superheavy element in liquid chromatography [138]. Rf was eluted in 5.4 M HF from a 1.6 mm i.d.…”