Em Sensor Array System and Performance Evaluation for In-line Measurement of Phase Transformation in Steel

Yang, Haibing; Berg, F.D. van den; Bos, C.; Luinenburg, A.; Mosk, Jos; Hunt, P. J.; Hinton, J.H.; Peyton, A. J.; Davis, Claire

doi:10.1784/insi.2019.61.3.153

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A number of NDT techniques such as x-ray, electromagnetic and laser ultrasonic sensors [1][2][3] have been developed for this purpose, each of them with their own advantages and shortcomings. Electromagnetic (EM) techniques have attracted much attention for monitoring microstructure changes below Curie point due to their advantages of being noncontact, having a short response time and being relatively inexpensive [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial EM sensor systems such as EMspec TM [4], operating at a low applied magnetic field, exploit the differences in relative permeability and electrical conductivity, between different microstructural phases to provide information on the transformed fraction. EMspec TM is used on-line, on the run-out table of a hot strip mill to detect and monitor phase transformation, with the steel being at high temperatures (typically 500 • C-750 • C) and the sensor positioned below the hot steel and being water cooled [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change in the loops on cooling (figures 9(c) and (d)) follow a similar trend to those during the heating stage.Figure10shows two magnetic parameters extracted from the BH loops shown in figure9; coercivity (figure10(a)) and maximum permeability (figure10(b)). These were selected as representative of the magnetic parameters of interest for high temperature steel processing applications[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], rather than the usual power loss measurements of interest to Epstein frame users looking at electrical steels at power frequencies. It should be noted that due to the reduction in maximum H values with temperature, there will be some distortion of these magnetic parameters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High temperature magnetic characterisation of structural steels using Epstein frame

Wilson

Zhou

Davis

et al. 2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Electromagnetic non-destructive testing techniques provide an attractive solution to the problem of monitoring microstructural changes in steels undergoing heat treatment as they are non-contact, have a short response time and are relatively inexpensive. However, to take full advantage of these techniques it is necessary to be able accurately measure the magnetisation characteristics of the materials of interest at temperatures up to the Curie point. This paper details the development of a novel high temperature Epstein frame for installation in a furnace with the design informed and results validated by finite element modelling. Hysteresis loop characteristics are successfully measured for a dual phase steel up to the Curie point for heating and cooling. Results show the developed system has the potential to provide valuable data to inform online electromagnetic monitoring systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High temperature magnetic characterisation of structural steels using Epstein frame

Wilson

Zhou

Davis

et al. 2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…If a varying magnetic field can be applied to the sample, then knowledge of how the incremental permeability varies with field strength curves will enable operation conditions to be chosen that give maximum sensitivity to the microstructural differences between samples, or multiple field measurements could be taken that will provide more information than single field measurements. For instance, the EMspec system [32,33] could be operated at different lift-off values or operating currents which could result in a range of applied fields being experienced by the sample. The full sensor-sample model [32] available for the EMspec system means that calibration samples and optimization trials would not be required.…”

Section: Minor Loop Measurements Incremental Permeability From Amplitude Sweepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consideration of Magnetic Measurements for Characterisation of Ferrite–Martensite Commercial Dual-Phase (DP) Steel and Basis for Optimisation of the Operating Magnetic Field for Open Loop Deployable Sensors

Jolfaei

Zhou

Davis

2021

Metals

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The magnetic properties of commercial dual-phase (DP) steels (DP600, DP800 and DP1000 grades) were evaluated using initial permeability, incremental permeability and coercivity and correlated with the key microstructural differences between the grades. The ferrite grain sizes and ferrite fractions have been compared with the magnetic parameters obtained from minor and major magnetisation loops within each DP grade. It has been revealed that the incremental permeability increases with the applied magnetic field amplitude to reach a peak and then drops at a higher magnetic field, with the values being different for the three DP grades at a lower field and converging to a similar permeability value at the high field. The effects of ferrite grain size and phase fraction on the incremental permeability are considered, and it has been shown that the influence of ferrite grain boundaries on magnetic permeability is more dominant than the effect of ferrite fraction in commercial DP steel samples. An analysis of the correlation between coercivity and initial permeability with tensile strength shows that the initial permeability provides a slightly better prediction of strength for the steels examined, which is believed to be due to the fact that a combination of reversible and irreversible domain components affect the coercivity value, while the initial permeability is predominantly affected by reversible domain movements. Based on the trend between incremental permeability and applied magnetic field and the commercial EM sensor (EMspec) operating parameters, the effect of lift-off and hence magnetic field strength on the sensitivity to DP steel properties can be assessed.

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“…Internal material structure examinations using inductance spectroscopy measurements were presented in many investigations, such as in [26][27][28]. The demand for in-line monitoring of phase transformation in the steel industry is answered by multi-frequency electromagnetic instruments [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Induction Tomography Spectroscopy for Structural and Functional Characterization in Metallic Materials

Muttakin

Soleimani

2020

Materials

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Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a powerful imaging system for monitoring the state of metallic materials. Tomographic methods enable automatic inspection of metallic samples making use of multi-sensor measurements and data processing of eddy current-based sensing from mutual inductances. This paper investigates a multi-frequency MIT using both amplitude and phase data. The image reconstruction algorithm is based on a novel spectrally-correlative total variation method allowing an efficient and all-in-one spectral reconstruction. Additionally, the paper shows the rate of change in spectral images with respect to the excitation frequencies. Using both spectral maps and their spectral derivative maps, one can derive key structural and functional information regarding the material under test. This includes their type, size, number, existence of voids and cracks. Spectral maps can also give functional information, such as mechanical strains and their thermal conditions and composition.

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Em Sensor Array System and Performance Evaluation for In-line Measurement of Phase Transformation in Steel

Abstract: Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

High temperature magnetic characterisation of structural steels using Epstein frame

High temperature magnetic characterisation of structural steels using Epstein frame

Consideration of Magnetic Measurements for Characterisation of Ferrite–Martensite Commercial Dual-Phase (DP) Steel and Basis for Optimisation of the Operating Magnetic Field for Open Loop Deployable Sensors

Magnetic Induction Tomography Spectroscopy for Structural and Functional Characterization in Metallic Materials

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