EMBED Phase 2 Study Protocol v.1.4: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhanced versus Standard Measurement-Based Care Implementation for Depression

Abstract

Background: Measurement-based care (MBC) is an evidence-based practice that incorporates routine outcome assessment using validated rating scales to guide collaborative clinical decision-making. Although MBC results in improved outcomes for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), there are barriers to its broad implementation in clinical settings. The use of “enhanced” MBC (eMBC), with mobile apps that allow patients to track outcomes and engage in self-management via WeChat, may address some of these barriers. We hypothesize that implementation with eMBC using WeChat will be superior to standard MBC implementation using paper-pencil assessments at the clinic, for both implementation and clinical outcomes. Methods: We present a trial protocol for a 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a hybrid implementation-effectiveness design comparing standard MBC implementation versus eMBC implementation with 6-month follow up in 12 mental health centers in Shanghai, China. The eMBC implementation uses a WeChat mini-program that includes outcome tracking using brief questionnaires and self-management lessons supplemented with support by a lay coach via WeChat. Results: A total of 240 physicians and 1200 patients from the 12 mental health centers will be enrolled in the mixed-methods outcome analysis. The primary implementation outcome is implementation reach, defined as the proportion of eligible patients with a PHQ-9 score recorded in the hospital chart at 6 months after MBC implementation. The primary clinical outcome is clinical remission, defined as a PHQ-9 score of 4 or less at the 6-month follow up. Other implementation and clinical outcomes will be examined, including medication adherence, doctor-patient alliance, and a piggy-back cost-benefit economic analysis. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with physicians and patients to produce an interpretive account of the contextual factors which impact eMBC implementation.Conclusions: The results of this hybrid implementation-effectiveness cluster RCT will inform implementation of eMBC with WeChat mobile apps for patients with depression in other clinical settings in China and internationally.

Comparison of the Efficacy Between Standard Measurement-Base Care (MBC) and Enhanced MBC for Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study

“…To address this gap, we initiated an international cooperation study, the Enhanced Measurement-Based Care Effectiveness for Depression (EMBED). 28 A cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) was designed to validate the efficacy of enhanced measurement-based care (eMBC) for MDD. The present study represents the pilot results of this cluster RCT, investigating the efficacy of smartphone-based eMBC interventions for depression over a 6-month period, and aiming to provide preliminary evidence for the field of smartphone-based MBC.…”