Embedded authoritarianism: the politics of poor press freedom in Indian Kashmir

Abstract

The current article explores journalism practice amid waning press freedom in Indian Kashmir. Contextualising the recent renovation and introduction of authoritative new media policy 2020, the article maps the constant struggles of the journalists in the region. I consulted five working journalists to have a broader understanding of press freedom in Indian Kashmir, one of the world’s most dangerous places for journalists. I argue that frequent internet shutdowns, disinformation, declining dissent and direct control on the press contribute to the amassing struggles of Kashmiri journalists. The strategic politics endorse jingoism and punitive populism, which affects the overall image of Kashmiris including the journalists. Constructive journalism practice, however, aids Chomsky’s claim of “openings”, which keep the press viable during the severe authoritarian siege on the press freedom in Kashmir.

Press Freedom In Asian Countries (2010-2023): A Systematic Literature Review.

“…There is no need to impose censorship externally. Enforced self-censorship by journalists is now authoritarian tactics and many times it results into disinformation and vanishing dissent (Majeed, 2022). The Indian Government uses impunity as a tool to constrain independent journalism and to make selfcensorship necessary, especially when they report on corruption, communal fights, religious issues, conflicts such as those in the Naxal area or Kashmir (Harrison & Pukallus, 2021).…”

Amid curbs on Kashmir media, freelancers hold fort

“…A new breed of young reporters has mushroomed in the valley, pushing the boundaries with each passing day. This as Majeed (2022) argues amounts to “strategic journalism” practice, amid curbs on the media. “The practice of strategic journalism is to give a calibrated attention and assessment to a story worth telling during immense press restriction” (Majeed, 2021).…”