2014
DOI: 10.1364/josab.31.000860
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Embedded nanogratings in germanium dioxide glass induced by femtosecond laser direct writing

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Cited by 42 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…8(b)]. In addition, by varying energy from 0.2 to 1 μJ, no changes in nanogratings period are observed, as experimentally reported in [2,11,91,104]. However, beyond the energy of 1 μJ, high densities above the critical value are created in the center of tightly focused region, erasing the nanogratings at their initial state.…”
Section: Comparison With Experimental Literature Datamentioning
confidence: 51%
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“…8(b)]. In addition, by varying energy from 0.2 to 1 μJ, no changes in nanogratings period are observed, as experimentally reported in [2,11,91,104]. However, beyond the energy of 1 μJ, high densities above the critical value are created in the center of tightly focused region, erasing the nanogratings at their initial state.…”
Section: Comparison With Experimental Literature Datamentioning
confidence: 51%
“…A good agreement between the periods obtained numerically and experimentally [2][3][4][5] is achieved. It is worth noting that the proposed mechanism of nanograting self-organization also explains possible coexistence of several characteristic periods [11,105] as well as the nanostructures separated by subwavelength periods shorter (around λ/3n) [1,8,18,27,59] at higher number of pulses and larger (around λ/n) [9,10,106,107] than λ/2n. According to numerical calculations, a uniform concentration profile of inhomogeneities is the most probable in the experiments, probably because of the strong arrangement (1)- (5) taken at the end of the pulse duration θ = 240 fs (FWHM) and laser wavelength of 800 nm with laser beam energy: (a) E = 50 nJ (smooth modification), (b) E = 500 nJ (birefringent modification), and (c) E = 2 μJ (disrupted modification).…”
Section: Comparison With Experimental Literature Datamentioning
confidence: 94%
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“…15 Furthermore, doping of pure silica glass with Ge, F, and P was demonstrated to affect the threshold for nanograting formation. 16 Recently, evidence for femtosecond laser-induced nanogratings has been observed in glasses other than SiO 2 , including several studies reported nanogratings in GeO 2 glass, [17][18][19] binary titanium silicate glass (ULE, Corning), 20,21 and two multicomponent borosilicate glasses (BK7 and Borofloat 33, Schott). 20,22 Germanium dioxide is formed by a three-dimensional network of [GeO 4 ] tetrahedra with all bridging oxygen atoms, whereas ULE glass also possesses structure similar to pure SiO 2 24 were not revealed using scanning electron microscopy despite the induced retardance was of the same level as in Borofloat 33.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%