Embedded optical probes for simultaneous pressure and temperature measurement of materials in extreme conditions

Sandberg, Richard L.; Rodriguez, George; Gibson, L. L.; Dattelbaum, Dana M.; Stevens, G. D.; Grover, M.; LaLone, Brandon; Udd, Eric

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/500/14/142031

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1 FBGs have now successfully been used to measure stress induced spectral shifts in the multi-kilobar range. [2][3][4] Beyond static and quasi-static pressure loading, interest in FBGs arise from their potential use as pressure sensors in dynamic environments where loading occurs at very high strain rates as in shock wave physics, burning fuels, or high explosive events such as deflagrations and thermal explosions. [5][6][7][8] The pressures attained in these types of events are extremely high (up to several hundred kilobar) and can occur on timescales from tens of microseconds to nanoseconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we reported some initial pressure measurements in shocked inert samples. 3,4 In this paper, we focus on improving the fidelity of FBG based pressure measurements by examining two methods of recording pressure induced spectral shifts in FBGs. By considering the speed and spectral response of recording methodologies suitable for shock wave studies, we determine the relative merits of each approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, little dynamic loading high pressure FBG tests exist. [3][4][5] Our initial studies 3 focused on shock wave pressure sensing methods up to pressures of 14 kbar. These shock pressures were achieved by impacting a gas gun driven flyer plate into a PMMA target with embedded FBG sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High pressure sensing and dynamics using high speed fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems

et al. 2014

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Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are developing into useful sensing tools for measuring high pressure dynamics in extreme environments under shock loading conditions. Approaches using traditional diode array coupled FBG interrogation systems are often limited to readout speeds in the sub-MHz range. For shock wave physics, required detection speeds approaching 100 MHz are desired. We explore the use of two types of FBG sensing systems that are aimed at applying this technology as embedded high pressure probes for transient shock events. Both approaches measure time resolved spectral shifts in the return light from short (few mm long) uniform FBGs at 1550 nm. In the first approach, we use a fiber coupled spectrometer to demultiplex spectral channels into an array (up to 12) of single element InGaAs photoreceivers. By monitoring the detectors during a shock impact event with high speed recording, we are able to track the pressure induced spectral shifting in FBG down to a time resolution of 20 ns. In the second approach, developed at the Special Technologies Lab, a coherent mode-locked fiber laser is used to illuminate the FBG sensor. After the sensor, wavelength-to-time mapping is accomplished with a chromatic dispersive element, and entire spectra are sampled using a single detector at the modelocked laser repetition rate of 50 MHz. By sampling with a 12 GHz InGaAs detector, direct wavelength mapping in time is recorded, and the pressure induced FBG spectral shift is sampled at 50 MHz. Here, the sensing systems are used to monitor the spectral shifts of FBGs that are immersed into liquid water and shock compressed using explosives. In this configuration, the gratings survive to pressures approaching 50 kbar. We describe both approaches and present the measured spectral shifts from the shock experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High pressure sensing and dynamics using high speed fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems

et al. 2014

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“…It was confirmed experimentally in [4] where the signals were acquired with few discrete optical filters. The LANL published many papers on this approach for shocks and detonation, the acquisition systems improved in resolution over the years [5][6] and lately a "dispersive spectrometer" was used [7][8]. Such fast spectrometers were previously reported for FBG interrogation under different names [9][10][11] but not for shock studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shocks Sensing by Fiber Bragg Gratings and a 100 MHz Dynamic Dispersive Interrogator

Barbarin

Lefrançois

Rougier

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)

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A multi-channels high resolution dispersive interrogator with at a high sampling rate has been developed to measure shocks pressure levels by Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs). Two FBG orientations are compared numerically and experimentally. The first one is along the cylindrical target axis, thus the grating spectrum is "blue shifted". The second orientation is perpendicular to the target axis and the grating spectrum is "red shifted". The interrogator uses a femtosecond laser source to cover the C+L band spectrum. The source repetition rate (100 MHz) fixes the spectra acquisition rate. The wavelengths are basically converted to time using a long telecom fiber. The time-multiplexed spectra are recorded with 400 points by a fast oscilloscope (40 GSa/s). The experimental setup is a Tin plate impact on a PMMA target performed in a 35-mm singlestage gas gun. An impact at 510 m/s generates a pressure level of 1.69 GPa during 5 µs. The performance of the dynamic interrogator and the wavelength shifts in the two FBG configurations are discussed.

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“…Few groups have already explored this way to study shocks. Initial results were based on discrete optical filters to record few wavelengths [4][5][6]. Interferometric measurements with an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer were also demonstrated with short FBGs [7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic dispersive spectrometer using a fiber Bragg grating for high pressure measurements

et al. 2016

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A new high resolution dispersive spectrometer has been developed to measure high pressure shock profiles every 10 ns using long Fiber Bragg Gratings. The performances are compared with a dynamic AWG-based spectrometer. Two small diameter fibers allow inserting in parallel two 50-mm long gratings into the target. The use of slightly chirped gratings provides the localization of the shock-wave along them. Placed along the target axis, a gratings reflected spectrum is "blue shifted". The FBG's central wavelength are 1605 nm to cover a pressure range of 0-8 GPa. The new spectrometer is based on a femtosecond laser source, a long dispersive fiber and a fast acquisition system with an electrical bandwidth above 30 GHz. The experimental setup was a symmetric impact with 6061T6 aluminum, performed with a 110-mm in diameter single-stage gas gun. An impact velocity of 314 m/s is obtained and generated a sustained level of 2.1 GPa during few microseconds. A resulted Bragg shift of (16 ± 1) nm is measured. The dispersive spectrometer offers much greater resolution than the AWG one which is favorable to retrieve more easily a pressure profile.

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Embedded optical probes for simultaneous pressure and temperature measurement of materials in extreme conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

High pressure sensing and dynamics using high speed fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems

High pressure sensing and dynamics using high speed fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems

Shocks Sensing by Fiber Bragg Gratings and a 100 MHz Dynamic Dispersive Interrogator

Dynamic dispersive spectrometer using a fiber Bragg grating for high pressure measurements

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