Embedded PZT Sensor for Monitoring Mechanical Impedance of Hydrating Cementitious Materials

Narayanan, Arun Shankar; Kocherla, Amarteja; Subramaniam, Kolluru V. L.

doi:10.1007/s10921-017-0442-4

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…During the early hydration period of mortar samples, the first 24 h after mixing with water, the resonance frequencies and amplitudes of the admittance signature have been shown to be affected by both the setting and the hardening processes. This is in an agreement with the results obtained from both the pin penetration resistance test, and the increase in the elastic modulus [27]. After 24 h, the same increase in the resonance frequency over time as well as the decrease in the amplitude were observed and related to the increase in the samples’ compressive strength [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sensing of Damage and Repair of Cement Mortar Using Electromechanical Impedance

2019

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Lead zirconium titanate (PZT) has recently emerged as a low-cost material for non-destructive monitoring for civil structures. Despite the numerous studies employing PZT transducers for structural health monitoring, no studies have assessed the effects of both damage and repair on the electromechanical impedance response in cementitious materials. To this end, this study was conducted to assess the effects of the damage and repair of mortar samples on the electromechanical response of a surface-mounted PZT transducer. When damage was introduced to the specimen in stages, the resonance frequencies of the admittance signature were shifted to lower frequencies as the damage increased, and an increase in the peak amplitude was detected, indicating an increase in the damping and a reduction in the material stiffness properties. Also, increasing the damage in the material has been shown to decrease the sensitivity of the PZT to further damage. During the repair process, a noticeable difference between the after-damage and the after-repair admittance signatures was noted. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) showed a decreasing trend during the repair process, when compared to the before repair RMSD response which indicated a partial recovery for the material properties by decreasing the damping property in the material.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sensing of Damage and Repair of Cement Mortar Using Electromechanical Impedance

2019

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“…Generally, the ultrasonic technique needs an experienced operator to run, collect and interpret data, but impedance technique has a simple setup and easy data interpretation. However, impedance technique versus the wave propagation method has been utilized in SHM widely due to its simplicity, qualitative results, and autonomous capability, which the ultrasonic wave propagation method does not have these features typically [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of a Novel Low Acoustic Impedance-Based PZT Transducer for Detecting the Near-Surface Defects

Mohammadabadi

Dugnani

2019

Preprint

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Near-surface defects are one of the most common types of damage occurring in polymer composite materials. Conventional Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques, especially ultrasonic testing, are not always suitable for detecting these types of defect, especially in thin plates. The proposed NDT method in this article employs Low Acoustic Impedance (LAI) characterization. The novelty of LAI technique lies in the transverse resonating of Lead-Zirconate-Titanate (PZT) transducer which shows significant lower effective acoustic impedance compared to thickness - extension mode. The LAI technique eliminates the need for the matching layers and reduces the manufacturing cost consequently. Briefly, the analytical model has been introduced and the fabrication procedure has been discussed in detail. The setup has been evaluated both numerically and experimentally to detect a debonding. The results proved the ability of LAI technique in the detection of defects and, moreover, the approximate geometry of the affected region as well.

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“…For the concrete slab test, the PZT sensors were embedded in the concrete to monitor how the properties change. In previous research, the conductance (real part of electromechanical admittance) has shown a close relationship between the mechanical properties of the cementitious materials (Narayanan et al, 2017;Su, Han, Amran, Nantung, et al, 2019). However, those studies were conducted using the small sample, which the heat released from the hydration process didn't significantly affect the sensing results.…”

Section: Concrete Slab Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modified RMSD index decreased with the time elapsed after 9 and 12 hours after concrete casting. Narayanan et al (2017) embedded the multilayer protection PZT sensor into the cement mortar to track the impedance change of materials. Using EMI signature, they have analyzed several early age properties including setting time, Young's modulus and isothermal calorimetry measurement.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Emi Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other statistical models, including correlation coefficient deviation (CCD) Wang et al, 2014) and mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) (Lu et al, 2012;Narayanan et al, 2017;Wang & Zhu, 2011) are also proposed as a valid index on strength gain monitoring of concrete. In this research, MAPD and CCD indexes are also used.…”

Section: Experiment-mortar With Different Water-to-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining the Optimal Traffic Opening Timing Through an In-Situ NDT Method for Concrete Early Age Properties

Su¹,

Han²,

Lü³

2020

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Developing a reliable in-situ testing method to determine the strength of concrete for traffic opening is a critical need for INDOT, due to the fast-pace construction schedule exposes concrete pavements and/or structures undergoing a substantial loading conditions even at its early ages. Nevertheless, the current methods for determining traffic opening times are inefficient and expensive, often causing construction delays or cost overruns. To address this critical need, we propose to develop an in-situ nondestructive testing (NDT) method that enables an accurate and efficient understanding of early age properties of concrete using electromechanical impedance (EMI) method coupled with piezoelectric sensors. Previous literature has indicated that a piezoelectric sensor coupled with electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique can be a promising method to monitor the concrete properties changes of newly casted concrete and evaluate the condition of existed concrete at the laboratory scale. Based on the direct and indirect effect, piezoelectric materials can act both as a transducer and a receiver to capture the properties change of host structures of which it is attached to. The high frequency detection and fast response of this method will provide an accurate and reliable dataset of early age properties of concrete. This data enables us to monitor the in-situ concrete strength for determining the optimal traffic opening time. In this report, the feasibility of EMI sensing technology for monitoring the compressive strength gain of concrete is systematically investigated. The substantial experiments were conducted from cement paste, various mortar, concrete to field test on the interstate highway. Also, computer modeling work was performed to assist the experimental studies. Finally, the novel EMI technology can be delivered to DOT as one of the optional methods for in-situ concrete strength monitoring to determine the optimal traffic opening time.

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Embedded PZT Sensor for Monitoring Mechanical Impedance of Hydrating Cementitious Materials

Cited by 61 publications

References 43 publications

Sensing of Damage and Repair of Cement Mortar Using Electromechanical Impedance

Sensing of Damage and Repair of Cement Mortar Using Electromechanical Impedance

Design and Evaluation of a Novel Low Acoustic Impedance-Based PZT Transducer for Detecting the Near-Surface Defects

Determining the Optimal Traffic Opening Timing Through an In-Situ NDT Method for Concrete Early Age Properties

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