Embedded System Architecture Design and Optimization at the Model Level

Hưởng, Phạm Văn; Bình, Nguyễn Ngọc

doi:10.7763/ijcce.2012.v1.87

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Manufacturers seek to configure the design to fit the purpose it was designed for. An embedded system is typically comprised of CPU, RAM, ROM, and input/output ports [8]. Also, the embedded system CPU can be constructed with instruction cache and data cache or without the I/D caches to keep the CPU architecture simpler and less expensive.…”

Section: A Architecture Of An Embedded Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weak computing capabilities of ES could limit the ability to implement advanced security solutions regarding the components and architecture of ES in CPS. Failure to consider security requirements at the design stage of ESs could increase the complication of implementing cybersecurity objectives and requirements in a complicated CPS [13], [8], [122], [87], [91].…”

Section: ) the Architecture Of Es In Cpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Review of Cybersecurity for Embedded Systems

Aloseel

Shaw

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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To identify the key factors and create the landscape of cybersecurity for embedded systems (CSES), an analytical review of the existing research on CSES has been conducted. The common properties of embedded systems, such as mobility, small size, low cost, independence, and limited power consumption when compared to traditional computer systems, have caused many challenges in CSES. The conflict between cybersecurity requirements and the computing capabilities of embedded systems makes it critical to implement sophisticated security countermeasures against cyber-attacks in an embedded system with limited resources, without draining those resources. In this study, twelve factors influencing CSES have been identified: ( 1) the components; (2) the characteristics; (3) the implementation; (4) the technical domain; (5) the security requirements; (6) the security problems; (7) the connectivity protocols; (8) the attack surfaces; (9) the impact of the cyber-attacks; (10) the security challenges of the ESs; (11) the security solutions; and(12) the players (manufacturers, legislators, operators, and users). A Multiple Layers Feedback Framework of Embedded System Cybersecurity (MuLFESC) with nine layers of protection is proposed, with new metrics of risk assessment. This will enable cybersecurity practitioners to conduct an assessment of their systems with regard to twelve identified cybersecurity aspects. In MuLFESC, the feedback from the systemcomponents layer to the system-operations layer could help implement "Security by Design" in the design stage at the bottom layer. The study provides a clear landscape of CSES and, therefore, could help to find better comprehensive solutions for CSES.INDEX TERMS Characteristics of embedded system, countermeasures, embedded system, cybersecurity of embedded system, MuLFESC, risk assessment.

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Section: A Architecture Of An Embedded Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) the Architecture Of Es In Cpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Review of Cybersecurity for Embedded Systems

Aloseel

Shaw

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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show abstract

“…Understanding ES architecture, hardware and software components, security requirements, and vulnerabilities is very important for building robust security solutions. ESs typically consist of a central processing unit (CPU), memory, peripheral interfaces, and are constructed optionally with instruction or data caches [3]. In addition, local bus channels are built around them to support communication and data exchange.…”

Section: A Embedded Systems and Cybersecurity Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attack-Detection Architectural Framework Based on Anomalous Patterns of System Performance and Resource Utilization—Part II

et al. 2021

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This paper presents a unique security approach for detecting cyber-attacks against embedded systems (ESs). The proposed approach has been shaped within an architectural framework called anomalous resource consumption detection (ARCD). The approach's detection mechanism detects cyber-attacks by distinguishing anomalous performance and resource consumption patterns from a pre-determinable reference model. The defense mechanism of this approach acts as an additional layer of protection for ESs. This technique's effectiveness was previously evaluated statistically, and in this paper, we tested this approach's efficiency computationally by using the support-vector machine algorithm. The datasets were generated and collected based on a testbed model, where it was run repeatedly under different operation conditions (normal cases (Rs) versus attacked cases). The executed attack scenarios are (1) denial-of-service (DoS), (2) brute force (BF), (3) remote code execution (RCE), and man-in-the-middle (MITM). A septenary tuple model, which consists of seven determinants that are analyzed based on seven statistical criteria, is the core of the detection mechanism. The prediction accuracy in terms of classifying anomalous patterns compared to normal patterns based on the confusion matrix revealed promising results, proving this approach's effectiveness, where the final results confirmed very high prediction accuracies in terms of distinguishing anomalous patterns from the typical patterns. Therefore, integrating the ARCD concept into the operating system's instructions will help software developers to augment the security countermeasures of the ESs. Adopting the ARCD approach will pave the way for software engineers to build secure operating systems in line with the embedded system's capabilities, without depleting its resources.

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Model-Based Approach for Co-optimization of Safety and Security Objectives in Design of Critical Architectures

Suri

Pedroza

Leserf

2021

Model and Data Engineering

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During the development of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) safety and security are major concerns to be considered as it has been established by various literature. Moreover, these concerns must be included early on during the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). In this work, we focus on the design-phase of the SDLC to assist the engineers in conducting design-space exploration of the system hardware architecture w.r.t to both safety and security concerns. In this way, the engineers may perform simulations to find a set of quasi-optimal solutions before developing an actual physical prototype. To achieve this, our tooled method builds on our previous work [11] and supports a multiconcern analysis by leveraging Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) techniques such as SysML modeling along with the transformation of SysML models into representations which are finally optimized via constraint solvers. Overall, the method and framework shall support the design of the system architecture from a repository of components based on possible configuration alternatives, which satisfy the system objectives such as reliability and cost. Such functions can help to evaluate the effects of integrating safety and security features thus showing their interplay. The overall approach is illustrated via an automotive CPS case study.

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Embedded System Architecture Design and Optimization at the Model Level

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Analytical Review of Cybersecurity for Embedded Systems

Analytical Review of Cybersecurity for Embedded Systems

Attack-Detection Architectural Framework Based on Anomalous Patterns of System Performance and Resource Utilization—Part II

Model-Based Approach for Co-optimization of Safety and Security Objectives in Design of Critical Architectures

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