Embedding Distortion Analysis in Wavelet-domain Watermarking

Bhowmik, Deepayan; Abhayaratne, Charith

doi:10.1145/3357333

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“… where W I F i n a l , H I O r i g i n a l , W T o t a l and α stand for the final watermarked image, original host image, total watermark embedded and the watermark strength parameter, respectively. The value of α ranges between “0” and “1” and it defines the visibility of the inserted watermark, with 1 being fully visible and 0 as invisible [ 7 ]. It is established empirically that the proposed scheme yields the best results when α is between [0.3-0.5].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual watermarking scheme for identity protection

Sharma

Zou

Fang

2022

Multimed Tools Appl

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A novel dual watermarking scheme with potential applications in identity protection, media integrity maintenance and copyright protection in both electronic and printed media is presented. The proposed watermarking scheme uses the owner’s signature and fingerprint as watermarks through which the ownership and validity of the media can be proven and kept intact. To begin with, the proposed watermarking scheme is implemented on continuous-tone/greyscale images, and later extended to images achieved via multitoning, an advanced version of halftoning-based printing. The proposed watermark embedding is robust and imperceptible. Experimental simulations and evaluations of the proposed method show excellent results from both objective and subjective view-points.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual watermarking scheme for identity protection

Sharma

Zou

Fang

2022

Multimed Tools Appl

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“…The range of β is (0 1] that also specifies the watermark's visibility. To this end, an obvious watermark is represented by ‘1’ and vice‐versa [8]. It is established empirically that the proposed scheme yields the best results when β is between [0.03–0.06].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non-blind watermarking requires the host and the watermarked signals at the time of extraction. Such extraction within the spatial domain can be achieved by using Equation (8). Note, as the proposed embedding strategy is implemented in the frequency domain, the relevant extraction process can therefore only be executed in the frequency domain.…”

Section: Watermark Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an absence makes it impossible to verify the extracted watermark against the original watermark. That is why the non-blind watermarking schemes are considered the most secured ones in the literature [5,6,8,9]. To this end, this paper aims to present a non-blind watermarking scheme that uses only one watermark to achieve both goals of image authentication and copyright protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A single watermark based scheme for both protection and authentication of identities

Sharma

Zou

Fang

2022

IET Image Processing

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The security of a watermarking scheme is mainly categorised as either robust or fragile. The former can withstand an authorised alteration/attack, primarily used in copyright protection. The latter follows a zero tolerance towards any modification, used primarily in content authentication processes. The existing literature in the field projects that two separate watermarks are required to make a watermarking scheme robust and fragile, thus making the overall process cumbersome and complex. A novel image watermarking scheme that uses only one watermark while achieving both goals of copyright protection and authentication of identities is presented. An unconventional concept of checkpointing is introduced, which equips the proposed scheme to be either robust or fragile, making it superior in its application versatility. First, watermark embedding within the host/original image is achieved by a combination of transform domain techniques along with a novel median‐based embedding block selection procedure. Second, checkpointing is performed in the spatial domain. The watermarked image in the absence of an attack is correlated to the one that is being attacked, using the template energy comparison‐based approach. In the case of the robust watermark, such checkpointing can establish whether the carried out attack is authorised or not, determining the successful recovery of the watermark or vice‐versa. Moreover, in the case of the fragile watermark, a sole confirmation of the occurrence of an attack is sufficient to make the watermark recovery impossible. Finally, the experimental analysis of the proposed scheme illustrates its excellent performance and superiority over state‐of‐the‐art methods within the field.

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“…Numerous watermarking schemes for the protection of concealed information, content authentication, and IPR protection have been proposed in numerous studies, either in the spatial or transform domain [3]- [5]. This section presents a summary of such previously proposed watermarking strategies.…”

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Domain-Based Robust Watermarking Framework for Cultural Images

et al. 2022

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Heritage multimedia, which include photographs, customs, knowledge, arts, rituals, audio, cultural information, and music, are valuable artifacts of any region. The most important attribute of heritage media is the transmission of important features of past generations, which reflect their way of living, innovative attitude, and diversity in archaeological and historical perspectives. However, the proliferation of the Internet has made such data exchange more challenging than ever, allowing unauthorized users to easily access such information. Under such circumstances, securing cultural heritage (CH) media is essential. In that regard, herein, we present a spatial domain-based blind and robust watermarking scheme for the ownership verification of colored CH images; this scheme uses DC coefficient modification. In this scheme, the "Y" element of the YCbCr space is used for inserting a watermark. The "Y" element of a host image is divided into non-overlapping blocks with sizes of 8 × 8. Each 8 × 8 block is then divided into two 4 × 8 subblocks. Instead of calculating the DC coefficients using the discrete cosine transform, we independently calculate the DC coefficient of every 4 × 8 subblock in the spatial domain. We test our method based on standard test images obtained from the USC-SIPI dataset and a self-created dataset of cultural images. Our scheme demonstrates improved robustness and lower computational complexity than frequency-domainbased techniques. The average peak signal-to-noise ratio of the proposed technique for test images is 40.0830 dB, and the structural similarity index matrix value is closer to one under no attack, ensuring the imperceptibility of the technique. Further, we prove the resilience of the proposed algorithm by comparing it with various state-of-the-art techniques.

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Embedding Distortion Analysis in Wavelet-domain Watermarking

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

A dual watermarking scheme for identity protection

A dual watermarking scheme for identity protection

A single watermark based scheme for both protection and authentication of identities

Spatial Domain-Based Robust Watermarking Framework for Cultural Images

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