Embodied emissions abatement—A policy assessment using stochastic analysis

Acquaye, Adolf; Duffy, Aidan; Basu, Biswajit

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.022

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Because of its flexibility, WK5 is especially suitable for simulating distributions of natural processes affected by several exogenous factors (Vogel et al, 1993;Sen and Niedzielski, 2010). Beside the simulation of flood flows, WK5 has previously successfully been applied to describe different problems such as snowpack water equivalent behaviour (Wilks and McKay, 1996), embodied greenhouse gases in apartment buildings (Acquaye et al, 2011), shear strength of sea floor sediments (Choi et al, 2011), cost overrun probabilities of construction and engineering projects (Love et al, 2013) or financial crises magnitude (Negrea, 2014).…”

Section: Probability Distribution Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling monthly near‐surface maximum daily gust speed distributions in Southwest Germany

Jung

Schindler

2016

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study deals with high spatial resolution modelling of near-surface gust speed distributions in a complex region. The database on which gust speed distributions were modelled includes 69 daily maximum gust speed time series provided by the German Weather Service (DWD) for the period 1979-2013. Comparability of the time series was achieved by gap filling, homogenisation, detrending and measuring height correction. Monthly empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDF emp ) were fitted by 48 continuous theoretical cumulative distribution functions (CDF). The best-fitting CDF was identified by evaluating the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic (D), probability-probability (P-P) plots and quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots. The five-parameter Wakeby distribution (WK5) was found to be the most appropriate CDF for all months. Therefore, monthly WK5-parameters were modelled on a 50 × 50 m resolution grid by an LSBoost approach based on sector-and distance-limited predictors of surface roughness and terrain-related variables (curvature, elevation, topographic exposure) as well as on ERA-Interim reanalysis wind speed data available at the 850 hPa pressure level (U 850hPa ). The final, modelled WK5-distributions (WK5 mod ) yield monthly quantiles (F distr ) of daily gust speed values and return periods (RP distr ) of near-surface gust speed up to 10 years.

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Section: Probability Distribution Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling monthly near‐surface maximum daily gust speed distributions in Southwest Germany

Jung

Schindler

2016

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…An alternative method is to base calculations on the energy intensities of relevant economic sectors. Acquaye et al [34] and Acquaye and Duffy [35] demonstrate how input-output analysis techniques can be used to determine national energy intensities per monetary unit for various sectors (i.e. how much energy is consumed for each pound spent in that sector).…”

Section: Lund Et Al (2011) [27]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Less is more: A review of low energy standards and the urgent need for an international universal zero energy standard

Williams

Mitchell

Raicic

et al. 2016

Journal of Building Engineering

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There are in excess of 70 low or zero energy/carbon building definitions/standards in circulation around the world. However there are few zero energy or zero carbon buildings. This suggests that despite, or possibly because of, a continuing debate over definitions, aspiration has not been met by reality. In this paper the most important 35 standards are reviewed and a correlation between activity in standard generation and completed buildings is presented. Combining this with the requirement for an 80% cut in carbon emissions, a consideration of the proportion of humanity that live in countries without any standards and the ratio of new-build activity vs. pre-existing stock, leads to a conclusion that there is an urgent need for a binding international zero (rather than low) energy/carbon standard that can be adopted world-wide. It is argued this is only possible if carbon is ignored in favour of energy, and many lifecycle issues put to one side. In part this is because of changing national carbon intensities within the energy supply chain, but it is also due to unresolved issues in carbon and energy accountancy. It is hence suggested that such issues are left to optional additional local standards.

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“…They, therefore, mainly focus on the emissions related to ‘heating, cooling and powering’ an asset (Acquaye et al . ). As an example, emissions produced from the manufacture, installation and disposal of a pump are embodied emissions, while the emissions that result from generating the electricity used to power the pump on a day‐to‐day basis are operational emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Understanding embodied greenhouse gas emissions in the water and sewerage sectors

Keil

Perry

Humphrey

et al. 2012

Water & Environment J

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Embodied (or embedded) greenhouse gas emissions are commonly overlooked in corporate carbon accounting, although they can represent a large proportion of overall emissions. In this paper, we utilise embodied emission data submitted to Ofwat, the economic regulator of water and sewerage companies in England and Wales, as part of their review of price limits. This is the first time that water and sewerage companies have presented embodied emissions associated with their capital programmes. In total, embodied emissions add an extra 50% on top of companies' operational greenhouse gas emissions. We consider the drivers for embodied emissions and show that capital maintenance programmes are the largest source. We highlight the relationship between capital expenditure and embodied emissions, and discuss why there are significant differences in embodied emission intensities between companies. Many of the differences arise from the way the common methodology for estimating embodied emissions is applied.Understanding embodied greenhouse gas emissions M. Keil et al.

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Embodied emissions abatement—A policy assessment using stochastic analysis

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Modelling monthly near‐surface maximum daily gust speed distributions in Southwest Germany

Modelling monthly near‐surface maximum daily gust speed distributions in Southwest Germany

Less is more: A review of low energy standards and the urgent need for an international universal zero energy standard

Understanding embodied greenhouse gas emissions in the water and sewerage sectors

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