Abstract-In 2008 we witnessed a rapid advancement in stent technology, which is reflected in the high number of case reports, publications of case series, and randomized trials. Stents not only served for a combined intrasaccular and extrasaccular treatment of challenging aneurysms but also assisted the revascularization in acute and chronic ischemic conditions of the neurovascular system. Although a self-expanding nitinol semiopen cell stent is currently used for intracranial occlusive disease, a new retrievable closed-cell designed stent is widely used for aneurysms because of its easy delivery through a microcatheter in frequently tortuous head and neck as well as cerebrovascular circulation (Figure 1 6 The study evaluated carotid artery stenting (CAS) with the use of an emboli-protection device and compared it to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in 334 patients at increased risk for complications from CEA who had either Ն50% symptomatic carotid artery stenosis or an asymptomatic stenosis of Ն80%. Follow-up data were available for 260 patients, 85.6% in CAS arm, and 70.1% in CEA arm. The prespecified major secondary end point at 3 years was a composite of death, stroke, or MI within 30 days after the procedure, or death or ipsilateral stroke between 31 days and 3 years. The prespecified major secondary end point occurred in 41 patients in the CAS group (cumulative incidence, 24.6%; Kaplan-Meier estimate, 26.2%) and 45 patients in CEA group (cumulative incidence, 26.9%; Kaplan-Meier estimate, 30.3%; absolute difference in cumulative incidence for CAS group, Ϫ2.3%; 95% CI, Ϫ11.8 -7.0). There were 15 strokes in each of the 2 arms, a rate of 9% over 3 years in each group, of which 11 in CAS group and 9 in CEA group were ipsilateral. The authors concluded that no significant difference could be found in outcome between both groups. 6 It is important to be aware of the fact that the majority of patients in SAPPHIRE were asymptomatic and both the CEA and CAS groups had a similar 30-day rate of stroke at 3 years at 9% to that recorded in the trials of CEA for asymptomatic patients in the medically treated patients (Ϸ8%). Unfortunately, SAPPHIRE did not report data for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients separately. Moreover, follow-up data were only available at 3 years for 86% of the CAS group and 70% of the CEA group. The conclusions that can be drawn from the SAPPHIRE report are therefore limited.The multicenter, single-arm BEACH, a nonrandomized CAS study with emboli-protection device for high-risk surgical patients, enrolled 480 patients with CAS. 7 The primary end point (all stroke, death, or Q-wave MI through 30 days; non-Q-wave MI through 24 hours; and ipsilateral stroke or neurological death through 1 year) was compared with a proportionally weighted objective performance criterion of 12.6% for published CEA results in similar patients, plus a prespecified noninferiority margin of 4%. At 1 year, the composite primary end point occurred in 8.9%, with a repeat revascularization rate of 4.7% (upper 95% confidence...