Embolization treatment of pseudoaneurysms originating from the external carotid artery

Abstract

Embolization treatment of PAs from the ECA is a useful alternative to standard surgical repair. This modality avoids the necessity for surgical exposure of the face and of the neck with its inherent morbidity.

Emergency endovascular treatment of ruptured external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm caused by cervical stab wound: a case report and review of the literature

“…[1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Twenty-four patients had pseudoaneurysms at the ECA, and gunshots were the main cause of pseudoaneurysm formation in the ECA. The ECA and its branches are protected from external force by soft tissues until the artery emerges at the superior temporal line of the skull.…”

“…Trauma can cause disruption of the vessel wall, with extravasation of blood and formation of a hematoma and pseudocapsule that can expand because of blood pressure. [1] Carotid artery (CA) injuries occur more commonly due to blunt trauma, and CA pseudoaneurysms are often the result of blunt trauma in zone II of the neck. [2,3] Penetrating CA injuries have been reported to account for only 3% of arterial injuries.…”

“…[5] External CA (ECA) injuries caused by cervical stab wounds sometimes become life threatening, and the formation of ECA pseudoaneurysms caused by stab wounds is a rare vascular anomaly. [1] There are insufficient data regarding endovascular treatment (EVT) of penetrating ECA pseudoaneurysms.…”

Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Internal Maxillary Artery: A Rare Life-Threatening Hemorrhage as a Complication of Maxillofacial Fractures

“…If the tear is bigger and platelets are not able to arrest the bleeding, a pseudoaneurysm can form. The PA is influenced by three factors: (1) the extent of the tera; (2) the elasticity of the surrounding tissues; and (3) the arterial blood flow [15]. Vascular tear depends on the dimension of the fractured bones, related to the artery.…”

Life-threatening hemorrhage after zygomatic bone surgery. About 2 posttraumatic cases

“…Bilateral ligation of external carotid may be then performed, with its own local and hemodynamic morbidity [10]. Selective embolisation of external carotid artery and its branches can offer a safe and fast alternative to control hemorrhage from pseudoaneurysm rupture, and should always be considered by maxillofacial surgeons [11,12]. Coordination and cooperation between maxillofacial surgeons, interventional radiologists and intensive care physicians are the keys of prognosis [13].…”