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We illustrate novel application of Machine Learning (ML) assisted fault interpretation in the Middle East, interpreting complex fault structures with subtle throws in a large carbonate field onshore Abu Dhabi. Introduced as part of an integrated multi-disciplinary digital excellence initiative at ADNOC, ML-assisted fault interpretation seeks to overcome historic operational bottlenecks caused by traditional seismic interpretation methods which are slow, labour intensive, repetitive, and subjective. Core objectives for deploying ML-assisted fault interpretation were to reduce evaluation time, improve interpretation accuracy, and ensure integration across an intelligent evaluation ecosystem comprised of various disciplines. Envisaged gains from deploying ML-assisted fault interpretation methodology included effective and efficient utilization of multiple seismic datasets to drive rapid multi-scenario analysis, leading to better subsurface understanding within much shorter time frames. Input data used of the project was standard amplitude volume with minimal user-end conditioning. PSTM time and PSDM depth seismic volumes were used in separate runs to confirm that applied ML technology is domain agnostic. The ML-Assisted workflow included: Generating a fault prediction cube based on user-supplied fault interpretation labels made on 6 training lines (<0.8% of the available lines); Creation of fault planarity and azimuth cubes; Parameterization of automated extraction function; Extraction of segmented 3D fault pointsets; Creation of fault framework and fault sticks that can be integrated into traditional methods in seismic and geological modelling domains. Despite limited fault displacement apparent on the seismic volumes, ML fault predictions were of high quality, closely adhering to the seismic response as guided by user-provided training samples. Advantages envisaged from use of ML-assisted interpretation technology in the project were fully realized as the technology enabled rapid extraction of complicated fault structures within a fraction of the time and effort previously taken using traditional means. Efficiency and precision gains from using ML-assisted fault interpretation presents benefits that single seismic volumes can be evaluated thoroughly, and multiple seismic datasets (e.g. various azimuthal volumes) can be evaluated consistently for multi-scenario analysis to reduce subsurface risk and inform better decisions at all phases of the E&P Asset lifecycle.
We illustrate novel application of Machine Learning (ML) assisted fault interpretation in the Middle East, interpreting complex fault structures with subtle throws in a large carbonate field onshore Abu Dhabi. Introduced as part of an integrated multi-disciplinary digital excellence initiative at ADNOC, ML-assisted fault interpretation seeks to overcome historic operational bottlenecks caused by traditional seismic interpretation methods which are slow, labour intensive, repetitive, and subjective. Core objectives for deploying ML-assisted fault interpretation were to reduce evaluation time, improve interpretation accuracy, and ensure integration across an intelligent evaluation ecosystem comprised of various disciplines. Envisaged gains from deploying ML-assisted fault interpretation methodology included effective and efficient utilization of multiple seismic datasets to drive rapid multi-scenario analysis, leading to better subsurface understanding within much shorter time frames. Input data used of the project was standard amplitude volume with minimal user-end conditioning. PSTM time and PSDM depth seismic volumes were used in separate runs to confirm that applied ML technology is domain agnostic. The ML-Assisted workflow included: Generating a fault prediction cube based on user-supplied fault interpretation labels made on 6 training lines (<0.8% of the available lines); Creation of fault planarity and azimuth cubes; Parameterization of automated extraction function; Extraction of segmented 3D fault pointsets; Creation of fault framework and fault sticks that can be integrated into traditional methods in seismic and geological modelling domains. Despite limited fault displacement apparent on the seismic volumes, ML fault predictions were of high quality, closely adhering to the seismic response as guided by user-provided training samples. Advantages envisaged from use of ML-assisted interpretation technology in the project were fully realized as the technology enabled rapid extraction of complicated fault structures within a fraction of the time and effort previously taken using traditional means. Efficiency and precision gains from using ML-assisted fault interpretation presents benefits that single seismic volumes can be evaluated thoroughly, and multiple seismic datasets (e.g. various azimuthal volumes) can be evaluated consistently for multi-scenario analysis to reduce subsurface risk and inform better decisions at all phases of the E&P Asset lifecycle.
ADNOC is continuously enhancing its capabilities to manage its oil and fields efficiently by better planning, execution and operations that drives field development decisions, well performance, and safe operations. In this regard, ADNOC envisages to leverage the evolving Oil and Gas 4.0 technologies to enhance the well planning decisions of the sub-surface and drilling team through data-driven and AI methods. Effective well planning and operations require collaboration between different subsurface teams and drilling team leveraging multidisciplinary data, historical events and risks and constructing integrated drilling and sub-surface model for collaborative planning and keeping the model live. This requires having a live sub-surface model that is kept close to the field reality while reducing uncertainties. However, extracting key learnings, knowledge and experience from a variety of sources and reports is intense and requires lot of manual processing of data. An AI-based solution leveraging data analytics, natural language processing and machine learning algorithms is developed to automatically extract knowledge from a variety of data sources and unstructured data in building a live intelligent model that enables effective well planning, predicting operational hazards and plan mitigation. The solution systematically extracts, collects, validates, integrates, and processes a variety of data in different formats such as well trajectory, completion, historical events, risk offset well information, petrophysical data, geo-mechanical data, and technical reports. Newly acquired data comprising drilling events, geological and reservoir properties are integrated continuously to keep the model live and digital representation.
One of the most important aspects of any dynamic model is relative permeability. To unlock the potential of large relative permeability data bases, the proposed workflow integrates data analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). The workflow allows for the automated generation of a clean database and a digital twin of relative permeability data. The workflow employs artificial intelligence to identify analogue data from nearby fields by extending the rock typing scheme across multiple fields for the same formation. We created a fully integrated and intelligent tool for extracting SCAL data from laboratory reports, then processing and modeling the data using AI and automation. After the endpoints and Corey coefficients have been extracted, the quality of the relative permeability samples is checked using an automated history match and simulation of core flood experiments. An AI model that has been trained is used to identify analogues for various rock types from other fields that produce from the same formations. Finally, based on the output of the AI model, the relative permeabilities are calculated using data from the same and analog fields. The workflow solution offers a solid and well-integrated methodology for creating a clean database for relative permeability. The workflow made it possible to create a digital twin of the relative permeability data using the Corey and LET methods in a systematic manner. The simulation runs were designed so that the pressure measurements are history matched with the adjustment and refinement of the relative permeability curve. The AI workflow enabled us to realize the full potential of the massive database of relative permeability samples from various fields. To ensure utilization in the dynamic model, high, mid, and low cases were created in a robust manner. The workflow solution employs artificial intelligence models to identify rock typing analogues from the same formation across multiple fields. The AI-generated analogues, combined with a robust workflow for quickly QC’ing the relative permeability data, allow for the creation of a fully integrated relative permeability database. The proposed solution is agile and scalable, and it can adapt to any data and be applied to any field.
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