Embrittlement of the martensitic steel 91 tested in liquid lead

Nicaise, G.; Legris, Alexandre; Vogt, Jean; Foct, J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(01)00525-6

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is however, clearly not the case. These results seem contradictory to the ones mentioned earlier in the introduction [19][20][21][22]26], where LME was found under conditions of temperature and strain rate similar to those tested here. This is explained by the absence of intimate contact or wetting of the solid metal by the liquid metal and/or by the absence of initiated cracks in the outer surface of the solid.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of ferritic–martensitic steel in liquid lead alloys

Bosch¹,

Bosch²,

Sapundjiev³

et al. 2008

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The susceptibility of the ferritic-martensitic steels T91 and EUROFER97 to liquid metal embrittlement (LME) in lead alloys has been examined under various conditions. T91, which is currently the most promising candidate material for the high temperature components of the future accelerator driven system (ADS) was tested in liquid lead bismuth eutectic (LBE), whereas the reduced activation steel, EUROFER97 which is under consideration to be the structural steel for fusion reactors was tested in liquid lead lithium eutectic. These steels, similar in microstructure and mechanical properties in the unirradiated condition were tested for their susceptibility to LME as function of temperature (150-450°C) and strain rate (1 Â 10 À3 -1 Â 10 À6 s À1 ). Also, the influence of pre-exposure and surface stress concentrators was evaluated for both steels in, respectively, liquid PbBi and PbLi environment. To assess the LME effect, results of the tests in liquid metal environment are compared with tests in air or inert gas environment. Although both unirradiated and irradiated smooth ferritic-martensitic steels do not show any or little deterioration of mechanical properties in liquid lead alloy environment compared to their mechanical properties in gas as function of temperature and strain rate, pre-exposure or the presence of surface stress concentrators does lead to a significant decrease in total elongation for certain test conditions depending on the type of liquid metal environment. The results are discussed in terms of wetting enhanced by liquid metal corrosion or crack initiation processes.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Although some experiments have shown that liquid lead alloys may reduce the performance of T91 in terms of total elongation [19][20][21][22], T91 does not show liquid metal embrittlement by LBE under all conditions [16,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of ferritic–martensitic steel in liquid lead alloys

Bosch¹,

Bosch²,

Sapundjiev³

et al. 2008

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Nevertheless, it demonstrates that brittle cracking can occur at the test temperature provided direct contact is obtained with the liquid metal. We can then infer that LME for martensitic steel does not require specific metallurgical conditions as opposed to previous statement [2][3][4]. The notch used in previous studies certainly helps by promoting higher tensile stresses to be reached and concentrating deformation at the surface region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Previous LME studies on 91 grade steels with Pb or Pb-Bi concluded that the mechanical behaviour is not affected in its standard metallurgical state but it becomes notch sensitive in this environment after a hardening heat treatment consisting of a low temperature tempering treatment [2,3]. In the hardened state, the rupture mode was interpreted with the model of reduction of surface energy induced by the liquid metal adsorption [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of T91 steel by lead?bismuth

Auger

Lorang

2005

Scripta Materialia

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To cite this version:Thierry Auger, Gérard Lorang. Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of T91 steel by LeadBismuth. submitted to Scripta Materialia. 2004. Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of T91 steel by Lead-Bismuth Previous studies on T91 steel in its standard metallurgical state do not provide evidence for Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) by eutectic Pb-Bi. In this paper, we show that this steel can be embrittled by Pb-Bi when direct contact between the steel and the liquid metal is obtained by prior ion beam sputtering of the native oxidized film.Introduction:

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“…Recently, several European groups, within both the FP5-MEGA-PIE-TEST project [10] and the FP6-project EURO-TRANS [11] have launched studies to assess the compatibility of the selected steel with LBE. Although some peculiar experiments have shown that liquid lead alloys may reduce the performance of T91 in terms of total elongation [12][13][14][15], T91 does not show liquid metal embrittlement by LBE under all conditions [16,17]. This paper describes a systematic study of T91 behaviour when subjected to LBE with controlled chemistry and well defined testing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties of T91 material tested in liquid lead bismuth eutectic

Bosch

Sapundjiev

Almazouzi

2006

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The effects of temperature and strain rate on the susceptibility of one of the most promising candidate materials for cladding and high temperature components for ADS, Ferritic/Martensitic steel (T91), to liquid metal embrittlement have been investigated in the temperature interval 150-450°C, at strain rates between 1 · 10 À3 s À1 and 1 · 10 À6 s À1 . The effect of the liquid lead bismuth eutectic has been evaluated by comparison between tests in the liquid metal and in Ar with 5% H 2 . Although the untreated T91 material did not undergo liquid metal embrittlement and there was no apparent change in trends of the tensile properties as function of temperature or strain rate due to the liquid metal, the pre-exposed T91, which was exposed to oxygen poor LBE at 450°C for 4000 h and tested at 450°C did show a decrease in total elongation. The total elongation of the untreated T91 specimens in liquid lead bismuth and in H 2 /Ar-gas mixture followed the same dependence on the temperature up to 245°C. At temperatures above 375°C no results are available from testing in controlled gas environment however reference data measured on the same batch of steel in air are used for comparison. Varying the strain rate did not cause any deterioration in the tensile properties of the material in liquid metal compared to those in gas atmosphere. The results are discussed in terms of self-healing mechanism and crack initiation processes.

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Embrittlement of the martensitic steel 91 tested in liquid lead

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of ferritic–martensitic steel in liquid lead alloys

Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of ferritic–martensitic steel in liquid lead alloys

Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of T91 steel by lead?bismuth

Effects of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties of T91 material tested in liquid lead bismuth eutectic

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